To ensure reliable storage of radioactive sources, various physical protection systems are used, including mechanical devices, video surveillance systems, and access control systems. This paper describes a system designed to perform automated monitoring of changes in the radiation environment in real time at the locations of the devices that are part of the system. The system provides...
The use of technology in the medical world has multiplied. One modality that uses a nuclear source is a teletherapy machine. The most widely used source of teletherapy today is cobalt-60. When the teletherapy machine does not meet the standards for use in external radiotherapy, it must be discarded, or approximately every 5 to 7 years of use must be replaced with a new source. Based on the...
Radioactive materials have significantly enhanced the economy of many nations including Nigeria. These materials have found various applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, and many others and are widely distributed in Hundreds of Thousands globally. In Nigeria, they are used extensively in the Oil and Gas industry for non-destructive techniques, Medicine for diagnosis, and for...
The need for storage containers for radioactive waste is increasing along with the increasing use of radioactive sources in various fields, both industrial and medical. A shielding material is needed to keep the radiation exposure as small as possible so as not to harm living things. There are several choices of materials as radiation shields for storage containers, one of them are depleted...
Radioactive sources as source of energy have inevitable uses in medical, agriculture, industry, research etc. However, radioactive sources are potential health hazard to human if control measures are not put in place. To avoid the health hazards, it is important to ensure that safety and security of radioactive sources are maintained throughout the life cycle. Ensuring safety and security of...
Insider adversaries are one of the most potential threats to nuclear facility which is difficult to identify and mitigate. One of the security preventive measures against insider threats is established trustworthiness assessment of the employees. National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) of Indonesia has trustworthiness programme such as supervisor review, medical appraisal, management decision...
Bangladesh is committed to the peaceful use of nuclear energy for the socioeconomic development of the country and has signed necessary protocols and additional protocols of IAEA. The first use of radioactive materials in Bangladesh was started in early sixties of the last century for the treatment purposes in hospitals. Since then, sealed radioactive sources (SRSs) have found diversified and...
There are several reasons why the security of radioactive sources is important in Nigeria. Radioactive sources have since played an important role in the Nigerian economy from its application for diagnosis, teletherapy and brachytherapy in Medicine to Non-destructive testing, sterilization and Food preservation in industry and Research and Education. Hundreds of thousands of high-activity...
Introduction
In today’s fast paced and competitive era of radiation protection, optimal allocation of budgeted expenditure poses a critical concern for facilitation of radiation safety programs worldwide. Reliable methods for budgetary planning towards sustainable radiation safety programs are crucial in order to cater for planning, establishment and maintenance of radioactive sources in...
The use of radioactive material predates the establishment of the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA), hence the concern for orphan radioactive sources in the country. Some of the radioactive sources used in various sectors of the economy became vulnerable due to bankruptcy and other economic realities. During the early days of the NNRA, Nigeria recorded loss of control incidences...
- Introduction
The first Nuclear Security Summit was held in Washington in 2010, and the participants have announced the construction of a national nuclear forensics library to develop national nuclear forensics capabilities. China was one of the summit participants which with a large number of nuclear applications in both military and civilian industries. This research focuses on the...
Since 2018, the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics of Universitas Gadjah Mada has been conducted three days of the Introduction to Nuclear Security training for security officers, especially those on duty in Yogyakarta Special Province. The Police Chief of Yogyakarta Special Province fully supported the event to enhance their staff's knowledge because he just realized...
Design of radiation facilities in Belarus involves stakeholders represented by the Ministry of Emergency Situations – MES (the Department for Nuclear and Radiation Safety), Ministry of Healthcare (MOH) and Ministry of Architecture and Construction (MAC).
According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus of June 5, 2019 No. 217 “On building codes and regulations” the...
In this paper, the infrastructure for control of radioactive sources in Azerbaijan is discussed. Especially the current system of regulatory control including legislation, authorization and inspection of radioactive sources is analyzed. Here also presents recent work and future plans in Azerbaijan related to increasing radioactive source safety and security.
REGULATORY BODY STAFFING ESTIMATION
de la Fuente Puch A.1, Pacheco Jiménez R.2, Florentín Cano, R.3, Gavidia Valle, O.4,
Lopes Quadros, A.5, Munive Sanchez. M6
(1) Dirección de Seguridad Nuclear, DSN-ORSA, Cuba
(2) International Atomic Energy Agency, Viena, Austria
(3) Autoridad Reguladora Radiológica y Nuclear, Paraguay
(4) Dirección de Protección Radiológica, El...
Radioactive sources have been in use at North-West University (NWU) for the last four decades in various applications such as in research and teaching. Uncontrolled and unsecured storage of sealed radioactive sources pose significant radiological risk to human health and the environment. The Department of Health is the national regulatory authority in South Africa on radiation issues. The...
Cobalt-60 teletherapy usages for cancer treatment produce radioactive waste. This radioactive waste must be transported from the hospital to nuclear waste repository within the country or can also be re-exported to the country of origin. This radioactive waste produce by the hospital can bring negative impact to the environment, therefore radioactive waste transportation safety analysis is...
Based on the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency data, there are 37 hospitals using radiotherapy technology modalities until 2018, including Cobalt-60 teletherapy. The waste from the teletherapy machine is the disused source of Cobalt-60. Based on Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency Regulation No. 6 of 2015 on the Security of Radioactive Sources, management of Disused Sealed Radioactive Substances...
In Nepal, radioactive sources are mainly used in the medical field. Small quantities of low-activity radioactive sources are used in research and education. In 2005, 2006, 2010, 2016 and 2017 Ministry of Education, Science & Technology has completed five projects and on inventory of radioactive sources being used in Nepal. Similarly, in 2020, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health &...
The utilization of sealed radioactive sources, including the Cobalt-60 sealed sources for teletherapy activities, will generates a radioactive waste. According to the IAEA Nuclear Safety Standart Series No. GSG-1, the activity of disused Teletherapy Cobalt-60 sealed sources is about 100 TBq categorized as intermediate level waste (ILW). Several events in the world have shown that waste with...
I have taken this to be an opportunity for me as I am a communicator in charge of awareness raising programs activities in the Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority. The research I want to study is very critical in that it adds much to the communication and consultation works the regulatory body undertakes. It is believed that the significance of having informed stakeholders and public and...
In 2016, South Africa established its Network for Nuclear Education, Science and Technology called SAN-NEST, which is aimed at strengthening the nuclear science and technology education programs in the country to better meet future demands in terms of quality, capacity and relevancy; sustaining the national radiation safety and nuclear security regimes for radioactive sources in various...
Cambodia is fully committed to the non-proliferation of the nuclear program and takes part to ensure safety, security and safeguards at national, regional level and throughout the world. Cambodia has no nuclear facilities (no nuclear power reactors, no research reactors, and no fuel cycle facilities). Anyway, Cambodia has a small quantity of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials to be used and...
The stumbling block on the international level was the management of Spent high activity radioactive sources (SHARS) because of its high potential radiological risk. Since 2006, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), cooperated with its Member States, has developed several mobile technologies and facilities for the conditioning of SHARS. In 2009, IAEA cooperated with China Institute...
THE REUSE OF OUTER CAPSULE AND PIGTAIL FROM OBSOLETE SEALED SOURCES OF IR-192 GAMMA MAT TYPE. In the product of obsolete sealed sources of the Iridium-192 type Gamma Mat, there are two important components that can be reused to assemble new products, namely the outer capsule and pigtail/source holder. From an economical perspective, reusing these two components will be beneficial due to the...
In the framework of the continuous cooperation and support among the Department of Energy of the United States (DOE-US) and their Laboratories associated, and the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission (CCHEN), was carried out a “Virtual Testing” to check the physical protection system (PPS) in the Lo Aguirre Nuclear Center of CCHEN. This kind of activity was planned, due to several international...
A regulatory body’s competence is dependent on, among other things, the competence of its staff. A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a regulatory body to be competent is that its staff can perform the tasks related to its functions.
The IAEA has introduced a methodology and an assessment tool —Systematic Assessment of Regulatory Competence Needs (SARCoN) — for analysing the...
