Speaker
Mr
Sebastijan Brezinsek
(Germany)
Description
JET underwent a transformation from a full carbon-dominated device with all Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs) made of Carbon-Fibre Composites (CFC) to a full metallic device with Be PFCs in the main chamber, bulk W at the outer target plate, and W-coated CFC elsewhere in the divertor. The ITER-Like Wall (ILW) experiment at JET provides an ideal test bed for the ITER material choice in the DT phase and shall demonstrate as primary goals the plasma compatibility with the new metallic wall and the expected reduction in fuel retention. We report on a set of experiments (Ip=2.0MA, Bt=2.4T) in different plasma conditions (ohmic, L- and H-mode) with global gas balance demonstrating a strong reduction of the long term fuel retention with the ILW by a factor ten with respect to previously performed CFC references. All experiments have been executed in series of identical plasma discharges in order to achieve a maximum of plasma duration until the analysis limit for the Active Gas Handling System has been reached. The composition analysis shows high purity of the recovered gas, typically 99% D, with a reduction of residual hydrocarbons with operational time. For typical L-mode discharges (0.5MW RF heating) and type III ELMy H-mode plasmas (5.0MW NBI heating) in high triangularity a drop of the retention rate from 1.27x1021D/s and 1.37x1021D/s to values down to 4.8x1019D/s and 7.2x1019D/s, respectively, has been measured. The retention rate is normalised to the integral divertor time which amounts 440s for the L-mode and 317s for the H-mode plasmas. The dynamic retention increases in the limiter phase with the Be first wall in comparison with CFC, but also the outgassing after the discharge has risen in the same manner and compensates this transient retention.
The main retention mechanism for the long term retention is the co-deposition of fuel with Be eroded from the main chamber, whereas the fuel content in the Be layers is potentially reduced by one order in comparison with carbon layers as laboratory experiments suggested. The lower retention is also in line with the reduction of the C flux in the same order in the plasma edge layer measured by optical spectroscopy. The reduction is fully supportive in the ITER material choice
and widens the operational space without active cleaning an is in line with retention predictions by J. Roth (J. Nucl. Mater. 390, 2009).
Country or International Organization of Primary Author
Germany
Collaboration (if applicable, e.g., International Tokamak Physics Activities)
JET-EFDA
Primary author
Mr
Sebastijan Brezinsek
(Germany)
Co-authors
Dr
Alexander Huber
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Dr
Alexandru Boboc
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Dr
Andrew Meigs
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Mr
David DOUAI
(CEA, IRFM, Association Euratom-CEA, 13108 St Paul lez Durance, France)
Dr
Domenico Frigione
(Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, CP 65, Frascati, Rome, Italy)
Dr
Fiomena Nave
(Institute of Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, Association EURATOM-IST, Lisbon, Portugal)
Dr
Guy Matthews
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Dr
Hans-Günter Esser
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Dr
Isabel Nunes
(Institute of Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, Association EURATOM-IST, Lisbon, Portugal)
Dr
Ivor Coffey
(Queen’s University Belfast, BT71NN, UK)
Dr
Jan Willem Coenen
(Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH)
Dr
Jerome Bucalossi
(CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France)
Mr
Joe Banks
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Dr
Jörg Hobirk
(Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748)
Dr
Mathias Groth
(Aalto University)
Dr
Meike Clever
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Mrs
Michaele Fresinger
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Dr
Mike Stamp
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Dr
Paula Belo
(Institute of Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, Association EURATOM-IST, Lisbon, Portugal)
Dr
Robert Felton
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Mr
Robert Smith
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Prof.
Rudolf Neu
(Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748)
Dr
Sandra Grünhagen
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Mr
Stefan Jachmich
(Association Euratom-Etat Belge, ERM-KMS, Brussels, Belgium)
Mr
Stephane Vartagnian
(CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France)
Dr
Stuart Knipe
(EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK)
Dr
Thierry Loarer
(CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France)
Prof.
Ulrich Samm
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Dr
Uron Kruezi
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
Dr
Volker Philipps Philipps
(Institute of Energy- and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Germany)
