In 2011, the Russian Federation adopted Federal Act No. 190-FZ "On the RWM…", which significantly changed the concept of RMW in the country. The paper provides a description of the Unified State System of RWM (USS RWM) in the Russian Federation, organised in accordance with the new Federal Act, and the 10-year history of its formation.
The paper is highlighting the:
- Changes in the...
Key words: Clearance; minimization of waste, sustainability, management of resources.
In Argentina, on the year 2009, Generic Clearance Levels based on the IAEA Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.7 (2004), and the Document Safety Series N°44 ( 2005) of the IAEA, were adopted by resolution of the Directors Board. On the year 2011, the first regulatory guide (AR 08 rev 0) addressing the main...
The ANUBIS ALARA planning system is a software tool designed to facilitate radiation protection planning and optimization during decommissioning and dismantling activities in nuclear facilities. This abstract highlights the key features and benefits of the ANUBIS tool in supporting sustainable decommissioning efforts. It also presents the ongoing effort to validate the tool in real...
To simulate several scenarios of decommissioning process, testing environments have been designed on a virtual reality. A lot of scenarios were developed in 3D virtual environments to evaluate through simulation. The assumption on testing of the training system is that the worker’s falling accident rises during installation of cavity pool seal. The performance test of the training system is...
The Sustainable Development Goals are the cornerstones of the United Nations’ 2030 agenda for sustainable development. However, efforts to achieve these goals must be conducted within the ecological capacity of our planet, defined by the framework of planetary boundaries. Climate change, one of nine identified boundaries, requires a rapid decarbonization of global energy systems, for which...
Expertise in nuclear safety and radiation protection has often been performed by experts, with experts, for experts and decision-makers. Over the years, alternative methods such as Multi-Actor and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA) have been tested and adopted by the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) in order to grasp the holistic aspects of such support of...
There are three sets of fixed-site pyrolysis incineration facilities for low-level combustible solid waste in China at present. They can realize the waste disposal in nuclear base, but can’t meet the actual needs for many departments and units with less combustible solid waste production. In addition, conventional fixed-site incineration facilities also have problems of relatively high...
In this study, it is given a proposal on storage and disposal of low-level radioactive waste in salt cavities of Anatolian region in Türkiye. First, in the study, general information about radiation and nuclear facilities and radioactive waste management in Türkiye are given. Until August 2018, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) was the regulatory body of Türkiye. After that time, the...
Experience to date has shown that planning for nuclear decommissioning, waste management and site remediation is associated with major uncertainties. This includes assumed reactor shutdown dates, which sometimes change significantly on short notice. Another example is assumed in-service dates of planned waste disposal facilities, for which long delays or project cancellations have become...
The current study aims to build training capacities from the people of the United Arab Emirates who have the full capacity and sufficient qualification to spread the culture of peaceful energy throughout the Arab world and educate all Arabic speakers. By defining the knowledge and skills required to perform the role assigned to them in spreading that culture and raising awareness of its...
Ignalina INPP has two units with RBMK-1500 reactors. Unit 1 was shut down in 2004 and Unit 2 – in 2009. Pursuant to the provisions of the Law on Nuclear Safety the Ignalina NPP Units operation licences are valid as long as nuclear fuel is there. All spent nuclear fuel is removed from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 storage pools to a dry storage facilities in 2022.
The State Enterprise Ignalina NPP...
The decommissioning phase in mining and mineral processing industry involves permanent discontinuation of all operations, dismantling and demolition of existing structures and removing all equipment and facilities that are not intended to remain in place for future use. The post-mine transition phase includes remediation of the contaminated land and the release of such land from regulatory...
Abstract: Radioactive materials contribute effectively to economic development and human well-being. Radioactive materials and radioactivity sources have widespread use in many areas of life such as industry, medicine, and electricity generation, which has led to the development of their uses, which poses ongoing challenges to ensure the maintenance of an appropriate balance between risks and...
The Law on Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security of the Republic of Serbia and the Regulation on Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities prescribe the requirements that every institution dealing with radiation activity must fulfill.
The holder of a license for radiation activities must have a decommissioning plan, a remediation plan, a safety report, a program for protection against...
Decommissioning is typically undertaken on the basis of planning and assessment to ensure safety, protection of workers and the public, and protection of the environment. While these are well-established aspects of nuclear decommissioning, additional considerations relating to issues of sustainability are receiving ever-increasing attention. However specific sustainability considerations tend...
Irradiation of blood components is perform before blood transfusion is carried out to prevent Transfusion-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease (TA-GvHD) especially for patients with defective immune system such as cancer and HIV patients. Although blood product irradiation is currently performed using Cesium-137 (Cs-137) source but X-ray irradiation have becoming more reliable and efficient...
The collaborate Euratom R&D project Pre-disposal of Radioactive Waste Management (PREDIS, 2020-2024, 23.7 M€) has numerous dimensions that are focusing on improving sustainable practices when handling low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW). This presentation will share how the project’s innovations on treatment and condition of metallic, organic and concrete package waste...
The importance of stakeholder participation, and the consideration of the broader social, environmental and economic sustainability aspects in decisions concerning decommissioning and environmental remediation (D&ER) is increasingly recognized. More encompassing and inclusive approaches to decision making are thus needed. While retaining a focus on safety, these should include also other...
The utilization of nuclear energy to support achieving Indonesia's four pillars of sustainability (social, economy, environment, and law and governance) is increasing yearly. Such utilization will produce radioactive waste, which requires exceptional management. Several regulations and policies have been established as references for radioactive waste management. In Indonesia, radioactive...
The development of Cigéo, the French deep geological repository project, is organized in several successive phases. The first years of the repository construction and operation corresponds to the “industrial pilot phase” (Phipil).
The principle of a “Phipil” was adopted by Andra following 2013 Public Debate on the project. This is a cautious approach proposed by Andra for the stepwise...
An inventory was made of radioactive residues and waste materials disposed of between 2018 and 2020 in the Netherlands. The inventory included waste from industrial sectors involving NORM. This research contributed to the updating of the Dutch National Programme of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel. For NORM waste streams we identified the relevant radionuclides, total activity and total mass....
An inventory was made of radioactive residues and waste materials that were disposed of between 2018 and 2020 in the Netherlands. This research contributed to the updating of the Dutch National Programme of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel. Waste streams came from different sectors in nuclear industries, non-nuclear industries and medical institutions. Information on relevant...
The National Nuclear Regulator (NNR) of South Africa has initiated a project to benchmark and improve its regulatory framework. The NNR performs a multitude of confirmatory surveys to verify the assessments as provided by authorisation holders and applicants. Further to that, there has been increasing requests from the NORM industry to decommission and release land from regulatory control....
Nucleco is the leading company in Italy in the field of radiological services, in the management of radioactive waste and in the decontamination and remediation of nuclear plants and industrial sites.
Nucleco creates and implements services that contribute to realize a “more sustainable society”. It complies with UNI EN ISO 9001 (Quality), UNI EN ISO 14001 (Environment) and UNI ISO 45001...
The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Decommissioning Program continues to make progress to decommission and remediate the commercial complex nuclear facilities and legacy sites and fulfilling the “Sustainability Promise” to decommission and make the former nuclear sites available for unrestricted reuse. Since promulgating the 1997 License Termination Rules to regulate the...
Radioactive waste is a waste product generated from all stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, industrial applications, medical and research users which must be managed safely for protection against humans and the environment especially nuclear waste transfer. Liquefaction is one of the most destructive types of geological disasters due to an earthquake. Liquefaction can result in subsidence or...
This paper aims to describe the interrelations between the regulatory framework of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN) and the sustainable development objectives (SDGs 2030) towards the back-end of nuclear fuel cycle facilities, as well as the perspectives and challenges.
In addition, experiences will be presented from the regulatory oversight framed in the national legislation, intern...
ONDRAF/NIRAS plans to build and operate a surface disposal facility for the low-level radioactive waste in Dessel. The licensing process is underway and should lead to a construction and operation license by mid-2023. The construction of the disposal facility could start in 2024 and its operation could be expected in 2027.
The license (and the safety report) will set the conditions that the...
The Management of Radioactive waste generated from nuclear and radiation applications has become a worldwide issue as nuclear waste is a dam of several radionuclides with different half-lives, activities, and characteristics. The only well-used solution up-to-date is the long-term storage and disposal after its status of “waste” is confirmed. The disposal solution may incur the burden of the...
Gold mining in Nigeria has had a significant socioeconomic impact, contributing to the country's GDP and providing employment opportunities. However, the sector has also been associated with radiological health risks. The government has implemented policies to regulate the sector but challenges remain in terms of sustainability because the policies are less pragmatic considering the economic...
Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) Level 3 assesses the risk for public that can be caused by the spectrum of possible accident scenarios involving any nuclear installation. Level 3 PSA estimates the frequencies of off-site consequences for public health and environment, including economic consequences attributable to the set of radiological release categories and corresponding source terms...
Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardised approach to evaluating and improving environmental sustainability in a holistic manner, and has been applied quite extensively to nuclear energy generation life cycles. However, there are very few examples of LCA being used to ensure more sustainable radioactive waste management. This presentation will begin by considering the prior...
The law governing the use of radioactive material in Nigeria is the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act No.19 of 1995 which provides for the establishment of the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA). The NNRA applies graded approach to ensure effective regulatory control of different facilities and activities with radiation sources. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material...
Sealed radioactive sources have been used in medical, research and industrial applications in Zimbabwe for socioeconomic development as is the case globally. Low level and intermediate waste and disused sources are generated from these practices every year albeit limited capacity to manage waste. Radioactive waste remains a topic of real concern with stakeholders and the public and the country...
In accordance with its commitments towards developing the sustainable and responsible use of nuclear energy, France is one of the most advanced programs for deep geological disposal of radioactive wastes. This project, Cigéo, is the outcome of more than 25 years of R&D, 3 laws passed in 1991, 2006 and 2016, and 2 nationwide public debates held in 2005 and 2013.
The French radioactive waste...
Nuclear materials and radioactive sources are used in the fields of nuclear research, nuclear medicine, nuclear well logging and industries in Nigeria, which has help to better the ways of life in education, improve food and agriculture, health care delivery, and wealth creation for sustainable development. All these benefits do not come without some challenges, the challenges of nuclear waste...
Malaysia is one of the rapidly developing countries using ionizing radiation from radioactive material, especially in research, industrial and medical applications. The use of these radioactive materials in various applications over time has led to the accumulation of radioactive waste called Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS). These DSRS started to accumulate from the 70s until today,...
The present work is undertaken within the general framework of radioactive waste management. It concerns the optimization of used and radioactive ion exchange resins cementation. The study aims to develop the quality of IER cemented form. It also propose to increase the IER loading. Referred to the formulation with 8.3% of IER adopted at the nuclear study center of Maamoura (CENM), Morocco....
Any mining operation or other industrial activity involving a mineral or raw material has the potential to increase the effective dose received by individuals from natural sources, as a result of exposure to radionuclides of natural origin contained in or released from such material. Mining and processing of tin ores has been going on for over 100 years in Jos and its environs. Twenty Six (26)...
Reusing and recycling Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRSs) is an option for managing radioactive waste implemented in Indonesia. This study explores the implementation of recycling and reuse of DSRSs in Indonesia by analyzing regulations, reports, procedures, and IAEA publications. Based on Indonesia's radioactive waste management regulation (GR No. 61 in 2013), the executing body has to...
Uranium mining in France led to the production of more than 50 million tons of mill tailings which are currently disposed in 17 facilities, many of which relying on dams. Given the long-lived nature of the main radionuclides present (mostly radium and uranium), the associated risks will persist over time scales of the order of tens of thousands of years. Since no provision can reasonably be...
Health, industry, and agriculture are three key areas of the Ghanaian economy where applications of nuclear/radiation technology have the potential to turn around the fortunes of the country. Effective applications reduce reliance on carbon-emitted technologies and thereby establish trajectory for sustainable development and greener environment. Attainment of the IAEA’s Milestone-1 of the...
The transport of radioactive materials can play an important role in the implementation of a sustainable waste management strategy. Thereby, the assessment of national authorities ensures the compliance with transport regulations in order to provide for nuclear safety. This interrelationship of sustainability and transport safety can be exemplified in the context of the dismantling of nuclear...
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority oversees regulating and supervising nuclear activity, granting, suspending, and revoking licenses, permits or authorizations, and issuing regulatory standards related to radiological and nuclear safety. In this regard, the ARN has a Regulatory Framework that includes regulations that establish the radiological criteria for the emission of radioactive discharges...
The present study aims to establish a baseline data of natural and artificial radioactivity in soil and phosphate rock samples collected in a prospective phosphate mine of Hinda district. Samples were measured using an HPGe gamma spectrometer. The mean activity concentrations (Bq kg-1) for 238U, 235U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in soil are 94.87, 12.29, 47, 17, 43, 1 and 1370.23, 40.16, 922,...
Today, in Ukraine on the sites of oil and gas production industry enterprises, significant volumes of radioactively contaminated waste have been collected (pumping and compressor pipes, slurries, bulk waste etc.). The levels of surface contamination or specific activity of this materials exceeds the levels of release of radioactive materials from regulatory control.
Ukraine faces the task of...
The European and worldwide accelerator park is aging and increased decommissioning activity is foreseen in the near future. Cyclotron usage results in activation of cyclotron parts and concrete bunkers. The aims of this project were to substantiate cost estimates for radioactive waste storage and to identify potential savings and recycling opportunities through conditional clearance. ...
In Cameroon, numerous radioactive sources were used before the establishment of the regulatory authority. Once operational, the authority inventoried and located certain category 1 and 2 sources previously outside regulatory control. Three category 1 disused radioactive sources were repatriated. In order to secure category 2 sources, the National Radiation Protection Agency (NRPA) undertook...
As Canada’s nuclear regulator, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) has modernized its regulatory framework to take into consideration past practices, and lessons learned to enhance safety while allowing flexibility to adapt to and support emerging technologies. The updates included life cycle management, planning of decommissioning activities and end states as early as possible and...
Since the mid-1940s, uranium mining and processing activities have been conducted in Central Asia, primarily in the regions intersecting the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. After the cessation of these activities in the 1990s, numerous uranium legacy sites emerged, comprising abandoned mining and milling facilities, waste...
Ensuring the safe handling of irradiated graphite under decommissioning of uranium-graphite reactors (UGR) is one of the factors affecting on sustainable atomic energy in the world. By now, more than 60 thousand tons of irradiated graphite have been accumulated in the world. This problem is being actively discussed in the framework of IAEA projects on irradiated graphite disposal and...
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In the last ten years, Kenya has embraced nuclear medicine for both diagnostics and therapy in various health facilities. This has been part of the National Cancer Control Strategy. The number of nuclear medicine centers has increased from 3 in 2012 to 8 in 2022. Two of the facilities operate cyclotrons for the production of the F-18. The practice leads to the generation of...
Uniper is currently decommissioning four nuclear reactors in Sweden, two at BKAB and two at OKG (license holders). The reactors are of Asea-Atom design from the 60’s, and three of them are called “the triplets” as they are of the same design.
After one year of execution the occupational health was in focus as the TRIF (Total Recordable Injury Frequency, eg time to heal/cure in relation to...
When sealed radioactive sources are no longer in use, it should be repatriated to the country of
origin based on the agreement made during pre-import license request. However, most of them
could not be returned to the origin; therefore, disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) have to
be managed locally to ensure the safety and security for long term storage. The Ethiopian
Radioactive...
“Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution 2003”, stipulates that Advance process and facilities should be reasonably applied to reduce the waste generation. Three effective measures to reduce radioactive waste include controlling of generation, using of volume reduction technique and clearance of slightly contaminated material.
According to...
Chornobyl NPP Cooling Pond: Decommissioning
According to “Feasibility Study of ChNPP Cooling Pond Decommissioning,” the radiological and ecological conditions have been monitored throughout the water level lowering period (2014-2023).
Cooling pond design
ChNPP cooling pond (CP) was created by constructing the artificial embankment on the right bank of the Prypiat River. It was...
Circular economy (CE) has gained a lot of attention in recent years across several nations. The concept of CE is to an increasing extent considered a solution to a series of challenges such as waste generation and environmental impact of linear production, scarcity of resources, and sustaining economic benefits. In the mining industry, these concepts could relate to using recovered metals in...
According to the IAEA’s definition, a circular economy is a policy in which resources are kept in reuse or recycling for as long as possible, retrieving the maximum value from them, then recovering and regenerating products and materials at the end of each lifecycle. It is an approach focused on delivering positive society-wide benefits by limiting waste production and preserving natural...
The tin processing industry generates an abundant amount of slag, as a by-product, that contains radioactive substances from uranium and thorium decay series radionuclides. The increase in tin production will be proportional to the increase in tin slag produced. The Circular economy is a concept that aims to minimize the extraction of primary resources, keep resources as long as possible,...
One of the main safety principles for radwaste management is minimization of radwaste. This goal except of minimization of radwaste on the stage of their generation could also be benefited by effective implementation of methodologies and procedures of release of waste and materials from regulatory control. This approach will allow to minimize the volume of radioactive waste which require...
The Dept of Energy, Office of Legacy Management
The operations of the Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management, are trans-hemispheric. The Office of Legacy Management is charged to protect human health and the environment at 102 sites in over 30 states and territories, from Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea to Amchitka Island, Alaska, in the Bering Sea. The Office is the...
The paper presents theoretical and experimental results of
investigation of the possibility of using nondestructive gamma-ray spectroscopy to estimate long-lived radionuclide inventories of Halden BWR spent fuel. An accurate estimation of long-lived actinides and fission products inventories are important for long-term safety analysis, as well as to account the radiological impacts on the...
The use of nuclear and radiation technology is currently widespread in Thailand, particularly in the fields of industry, research, and agriculture. Most of the applications for nuclear and radiation technology often involve the use of sealed radioactive sources (SRSs). SRS contains radioactive material that is permanently sealed in a capsule or closely bound and in a solid form. When SRSs are...
It is a necessity that the use of nuclear technology will generate radioactive waste that has a low to high radioactivity range. Molybdenum radioisotope production by fission process in the reactor carried out by PT INUKI produces stainless steel capsule waste with a dose rate of about 1 Sv/hour. To ensure the safe operation of facilities at PT INUKI, the waste must be managed by sending it to...
Gaining community support is crucial for the successful implementation of a deep geological repository (DGR) project, particularly in the context of Australia's first venture into this domain – The Chander Project. The Chandler Project will be licensed to accept international low level radioactive waste and also international chemical wastes and Tellus is approaching the signing of an...
Uranium Concentration Unit (URA) is a facility which belongs to Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB), in which uranium mining and milling activities are carried out to produce ammonium diuranate (ADU) as uranium concentrate. As a result of operational activities at the URA, environmental radiological impacts generated by unusual events such as infiltration of liquids into the soil due to...
This paper focuses on the potential environmental impacts of the anticipated increase in radiopharmaceutical production facilities. Specifically, it addresses the growing concern of increased radioactive gas emissions resulting from the expansion of these facilities and proposes measures to mitigate these emissions. Additionally, it presents solutions and recommendations for improving stack...
Along with the development of nuclear technology, such as nuclear reactors, comes the potential to produce radioactive waste. One of the wastes from the operation of a nuclear reactor is liquid radioactive waste, which must be treated properly to ensure environmental safety. Liquid radioactive waste treatment can be done in various ways, such as by evaporation and ion exchange. Evaporation is...
The first condition for the development of a country is uninterrupted power supply. In the world from the ancient period strongly bonded among economics, environment and energy. Energy security is the most important for any country's national security, standards of living, strong economics etc. As a long terms sustainable energy supplies the Government of Bangladesh contracted with Russians...
Nuclear science and technology have contributed immensely to the socio-economic development of Ghana, especially in medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. The provision of effective protection to occupationally exposed persons, the public, and the environment underpins the successful management of radwaste, thus the need for this study. Twelve years (2011 – 2022) of personnel and...
The construction of nuclear reactors in Indonesia is moving towards a new phase marked by the decommissioning of nuclear reactors in Indonesia, namely Triga Mark II with the concept of waste and safety development. Indonesia has three reactors, all of which are research reactors for research. The Triga Mark II reactor began operation in 1965 in Bandung, West Java. Decommissioning of course...
In medicine, industry and research, there is a numerically significantly larger group of smaller facilities and installations that are operated based on radiation protection licences or notifications. In an international context, these facilities are referred to as "small facilities". Some of these facilities can be very individual and purpose-oriented, especially if they are research...
Various industrial, medical radioisotope, and research applications of radioactive materials generate radioactive waste. In order to protect humans and the environment, radioactive waste (RW) must be properly managed, which entails isolating or containing RW so that harmful radionuclides do not escape into the biosphere.
The acknowledged method for disposing of radioactive wastes with greater...
Nuclear Installations may release radioactivity into the environment under normal operation in the form of gaseous or liquid effluent. Monitoring of environmental and food samples in the vicinity of these installations during operational stage and estimation of radiation doses to public is therefore imperative to ascertain the impact of plant operations on public health and environment....
Borehole disposal system (BDS) is the first of its kind in the world and currently, Ghana and Malaysia are the two countries that are exploiting the implementation of this disposal system. The safety of this disposal system over long time relies mainly on the engineered and natural barrier systems. Therefore, confidence in the ability of the BDS to provide containment of the radionuclides for...
The waste streams generated by O&G industries contain activity concentrations of naturally occuring radionuclides above the generic level for clearance of material. Availability of disposal solutions for the waste generated by the E&P operations and from the decommissioning activities would allow for the safe and eventually cost-effective management of such materials. The use of safe and...
The National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia has a facility called the Radioactive Waste Management Installation (RWMI). RWMI handles radioactive waste from industries and hospitals, with a particular focus on Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS) in Indonesia. RWMI is highly concerned about the safety aspects of workers in the radioactive waste processing installation. One of...
In this study, the function and purpose of the disposal cover, which is an engineering barrier installed to isolate the disposal vault of the near-surface disposal facility for radioactive waste from natural/man-made intrusion, and the design details of the demonstration facility for performance verification were described. Disposal cover consists of multiple layers of heterogeneous materials...
Groundwater plays an important role in meeting SDG 6, supplying or complementing the demands for drinking water, especially in scenarios of scarcity of surface water. In certain regions, there are geological anomalies that can give groundwater concentrations of elements above the legislated limits for human consumption or for other uses. Anthropogenic activities can also result in...
This paper discusses ways to manage irradiated graphite during the decommissioning of uranium-graphite reactors. Examples are given of the application of different strategies and methods of reactor graphite treatment at different reactors.
The concept of a shipping container is proposed. Thermo-mechanical and neutron-physical calculations are given.
Considering the growing number of nuclear facilities entering permanent shutdown, it is crucial to review lessons learned and adopt best practices to ensure effective decommissioning, dismantling, and remediation. The key to successful decommissioning lies in having competent personnel involved in the process. Therefore, organizations responsible for future decommissioning projects must...
Today, there is universal acceptance of the significant impact that management and organisational factors have over the safety significance of complex industrial installations such as nuclear power plants. Many events with significant economic and public impact had causes that have been traced to management deficiencies. The report on the TMI-2 accident underlined the importance of problems...
In Pakistan, most of the radioactive waste generated from nuclear power plants, research reactors and application of radioisotopes is low level radioactive waste. This radioactive waste needs proper storage and disposal at safe and secure purpose-built sites to protect human health and the environment. Accordingly, Pakistan is working on the establishment of a near surface disposal facility...
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 set a number of tasks for Belarus to overcome the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster and predict emergency situations at nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities, including through the creation and development of systems for controlling radioactive contamination and radiation monitoring in the country. A special place is given to...
The long-term operation of the nuclear power plant and envisaged construction of new nuclear facilities results in production of more nuclear waste. This radioactive waste needs to be removed from the reactor site to avoid constraints on storage space and therefore limiting the on-site radioactive waste inventory. Coupled with this, the long-term operation of current nuclear plants will entail...
Radiation and nuclear safety and security is regulated by the Law on Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security and accompanying regulations, and is in accordance with other regulations of the Republic of Serbia, international standards and principles of protection against ionizing radiation.
In 2021, the Director of the Vinča Institute formed the Commission for the drafting of the Rulebook on...
Effect of pH in the growth of Cicer arietinum under salinity stress
Ankita Gupta1, Sudhakar Srivastava1
Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development,
8 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, U.P., India
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which negatively affects the plant growth by increasing the intracellular osmotic...
Since shortly after the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS in 2011, Japanese Government (mainly the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ)) has made continuous effort on off-site remediation projects.
The whole-scale decontamination activities and the large-scale transportation activities to the Interim Storage Facility (ISF) have been completed by March 2022, except for the Restricted...
There is growing interest in using systems thinking to addressing complex challenges. Managing the UK’s nuclear legacy in a sustainable way presents a significant and complex challenge that requires assessment of socio-economic and environmental impacts in the management of risks and considerable lifetime costs. This brings significant challenges to decision-makers as they seek to identify...
The Magnox Winfrith site, located in Dorset UK, is a former nuclear research facility that hosted 9 experimental research reactors, including the Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor, and numerous laboratories supporting nuclear research.
The current decommissioning plan is to remove the two remaining reactor cores and deliver the optimised approach to decommissioning and waste management to...
The Port Hope Area Initiative (PHAI) represents the Canadian government’s response to the community-requested solution for the cleanup and local, long-term, safe management of historic low-level radioactive waste, in the municipalities of Port Hope and Clarington, located in Southern Ontario. The waste is the result of the radium production and uranium purification activities of the former...
Indonesia is the second largest tin producer in the world so this industry is one of the industries that influences Indonesia's incomes, especially in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. As is commonly known, the tin industry produces Naturally Occurring Radioactive Mineral (NORM) in its production process, so it requires a proper management from mining, processing and smelting. The tin industry...
The focus of Norway’s nuclear activities is in transition, from operating research reactors to decommissioning nuclear facilities and managing the associated radioactive waste. New facilities will be needed to support decommissioning and for management of the wastes. Both the decommissioning of old facilities and development of new facilities will need to be carried out safely, but both will...
In the interests of consistence with the principles of sustainable development – of not passing undesirable burdens to future generations – it is essential that the effective radioactive waste management system also covers legacy waste and waste generated during remediation activities (remediation waste). In Belarus this waste categories include about 1000 m3 of old institutional waste, now...
The paper will disseminate experience, good practices and lessons learned from the global NORM generating mining industries with emphasis on ensuring safety and enabling sustainability during the decommissioning of NORM related O&G facilities and infrastructure applicable across all 7 tracks.
The ENVIRONET NORM Project was established in response to Member States’ interests and needs in...
Abstract: The uranium production began in Niger with Société des Mines de l'Air (SOMAIR) in 1971, then the Compagnie Minière d'Akouta (COMINAK) in 1978. At this time, there are no laws, regulations and guidance regarding radioactive wastes management, health, safety, environmental protection, decommissioning and remediation. This situation leads to the storage of several million tons of...
In the context of the French Steering Committee for the management of post-accidental situations (CODIRPA), IRSN studied environmental remediation strategies and waste management options following a major nuclear accident, in order to allow a sustainable living environment in affected zones.
The work consisted in (i) modeling a major accident impacting urbans territories, agricultural land,...
For nuclear power to be accepted as a sustainable technology, some key requirements must be fulfilled. These include developing waste disposal solutions that are technically and societally accepted. A safe and responsible solution for radioactive waste is also a requirement for other nuclear applications.The ERDO Association is the only entity devoted entirely to enhancing international and...
Radioactive waste is generated in various types of facilities, with different concentrations of radionuclides and physical and chemical forms. Thus, waste needs to be disposed of (with the exception of short-lived radionuclides), respecting national programs. For the IAEA, there would be six classes of residues, in addition to the naturally occurring radionuclides (NORM and TENORM). This work...
The borehole disposal concept entails the emplacement of solid or solidified radioactive waste in an engineered facility of relatively narrow inside diameter 260 mm bored and operated directly from the surface. The borehole disposal concept was developed through the collaboration between IAEA and Necsa and the project is currently in planning stage for implementation in South Africa. The...
The European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD), gathering 115 RWM organisations across 23 countries (including both large and small inventory programmes) was launched in 2019 to help the Members States in developing and implementing their national R&D programmes for the safe long-term management of their full range of radioactive waste. One declared ambition of EURAD is...
IAEA Safety Standards and Euratom Council Directives provide the basis for the underlying legal and regulatory framework in radioactive waste management and decommissioning. However, their implementation can vary from country to country as they are adapted to local considerations and national policies.
The HARPERS project aims to establish and clarify the benefits and added value or possible...
The radiological environmental impact assessment, as part of the safety evaluations for authorizing nuclear facilities, in addition to the characteristics of the planned radioactive releases and information on members of the public distribution and habits, requires the knowledge of the meteorological variables which are relevant for the estimation of doses to the representative person....
Radiotherapy using accelerated-protons have growing potential in dealing with some tumours, and consequently, in the last decade proton-therapy centres are growing fast across the world. In these facilities, prompt radiation attenuation is essential to achieve legal dose limits, but not enough to develop efficient radiation protection. Activation of mechanical elements (accelerator, beam...
In 2004, the IAEA published the results of the international project ISAM (Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities (NSDF)) [1], which was devoted to current approaches to safety assessment and the calculation tools used. In the ISAM project as a perspective approach to the NSDF long-term safety assessment the use of the compartmental modeling was considered.
Using...
Within the EU, recycling of waste from nuclear facilities is a common practice used by Member States by implementing “clearance levels” under certain conditions for conventional applications, pursuant to the Directive of December 5, 2013. In France, only one facility, operated by Cyclife, allows the recycling of metallic materials by melting of metal scrap, in the nuclear sector only....
In Ukraine collection and storage of radioactive waste originating from the use of radiation sources in medicine, science and different industries are performed by State Specialized Enterprise “Radon Association” (SSE “Radon Association”). SSE “Radon Association” also performs maintenance, radiation monitoring and control of storage sites for radwaste resulting from decontamination and...
INTRODUCTION
Decommissioning of nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities refers not only to nuclear power plants, but also to a wide range of specific facilities including storages of radioactive waste.
The paper describes Rosatom's experience in decommissioning of RADON-type legacy storages of solid radioactive waste.
1. COMPOSITION OF RADON-TYPE STORAGE
Section 1 describes typical...
Environmental sustainability, complementing the economic and social in health services, specifically in the use of ionizing radiation in medical practices, is a determining premise in the success of this activity. In this process, besides the exposure of the patient and occupationally exposed personnel, the alteration of the environmental dose rate is unavoidable, due to the management of...
Medical application of radioactive isotopes in nuclear medicine is gaining popularity in Kenya. Kenyatta University Teaching Research and Referral Hospital (KUTRRH), which is one of the national hospitals in Kenya, is currently using radioactive isotopes such as Flourine-18(F-18) from the installed cyclotron within the hospital, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), Iodine-131(I-131) and Iridiam-192...
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina (ARN) establishes and supervise the application of the national safety standards, including those to maintain an appropriate level of protection for people, the environment, at present and for future generations, from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, according to the national legal framework, ARN has responsibilities to cover...
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina (ARN) establishes and supervise the application of the national safety standards, including those to maintain an appropriate level of protection for people, the environment, at present and for future generations, from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, according to the national legal framework, ARN has responsibilities to cover...
South Africa began decommissioning work in the mid-1990s when the country abandoned its historical nuclear program, which included uranium enrichment. These historical facilities are situated in Pelindaba at the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation site. A total of 36 facilities have been categorised as historical facilities and are currently in the process of going through the last stages...
Waste from resource extraction industries contain uranium and thorium decay chain radionuclides. One important radiological impact of these wastes is the release of radon into the atmosphere. Therefore, prediction/evaluation of radon flux and effectiveness of different covers are the major elements in radiation protection, long-term safety aspects, and to model radon release to the environment...
The radioactive waste storage facility in Radioactive Waste Management Installation is closely related to dust. Radioactive waste storage activities obtained dust which can mix with particulate matter in the air. Respirable particulates can enter the body through the respiratory system. Particulate matter can accumulate in the lungs and cause health problems. Some of the particulate matter...
The Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is recognized as an efficient and clean energy source, offering great potential for achieving carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, and affordable electricity in developing countries such as the Philippines. However, public acceptance remains the major obstacle hindering the sustainable development of NPP in these nations. Understanding the perceptions of different...
In France, deep geological disposal has been chosen as the reference solution for the management of high-level waste and intermediate level long-lived waste (HLW&LLW). With this in mind, the National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra) is developing a project for an industrial geological disposal center (Cigéo).
Taking into account the high technical and societal challenges of...
The authorization process of a NPP in Spain follows the different stages of these facilities: construction, operation, dismantling and decommissioning. For the dismantling authorization, the licensee is required to send several documents, including the Site Restoration Plan (PRE), which defines the activities to meet the radiological criteria that lead to release (total or partial, with or...
In Finland, the waste producer has the responsibility to manage the nuclear wastes produced, including the final disposal. The Finnish nuclear power companies dispose their own low and intermediate level wastes (LILW) in the repositories located at the nuclear power plant sites at Loviisa and Olkiluoto. Having the whole chain from waste production, handling, transportation and disposal of the...
FINANCIAL PROVISIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND DISUSED SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN ZIMBABWE
L. Mazuru
Radiation Protection Authority of Zimbabwe, 1 McCaw Drive. Avondale West. Harare
Email: lmazuru@rpaz.co.zw
Radioactive waste management is a critical element of radiation safety and security and the cradle-to-grave management of sealed radioactive sources. When sources...
Radioactive waste must be properly immobilized to reduce the migration potential of contaminants and facilitate the waste’s handling from storage to disposal. Cement is the most common matrix for low-level waste, but new technologies are emerging, such as alkali-activated materials, called "geopolymer". Geopolymers have been considered as an immobilization matrix for radioactive waste due to a...
In France, Andra, the national radioactive waste management agency, is in charge of developing long-term solutions for all types of radioactive waste. Application of graded approach principles for the disposal of Low Level-Long Lived waste category (i.e. for graphite and radium-bearing waste) have specific environmental and safety concerns. Intermediate depth repository options have been...
Column ion exchange technology has been used globally for many decades in the nuclear industries. Yet, several critical limitations to ion exchange column operation result in low throughputs, such as the limitation of adsorbent size to reduce frictional pressure drop issues [1] and the slow adsorption kinetics [2]. To tackle this issue, and create a more sustainable and efficient treatment...
FSUE "RADON" is the operator for the decommissioning and radioactive waste management of nuclear legacy facilities of the State Corporation "Rosatom". The purpose of the enterprise is to ensure the safe operation of the shutdown nuclear legacy facilities, reduce the cost of their maintenance and decommissioning.
The facilities FSUE RADON operates at are diverse: a nuclear installation within...
According to the law for nuclear phase out in Belgium, the third unit of the Doel NPP (referred to as “Doel 3”) was permanently shut down in September 2022 after 40 years of operation. Doel 3 entered in so-called Post Operational Phase, during which the licensee prepares notably its safe dismantling. Among these preparation activities, the licensee performed a chemical Full System...
The release of cobalt-60 and cesium-137 in the environment is considered dangerous pollutants. In this concern, the present work deals with gamma radiation-induced synthesis of novel polyaniline/CuWO4 (PANi/CWO) nanocomposite adsorbent and estimating its potential adsorption capacity for cobalt-60 and cesium-137 from aqueous solution. The crystallite size of pure CWO NPs and PANi/CWO...
The international aid is often the only option for countries developing nuclear capacities, including to apply modern methods in the field of radioactive waste management (WM). The fact that almost all radioactive and nuclear waste from the former Yugoslavia is located in Serbia, was recognized by the European Commission (EC) and the IAEA, which supported the strengthening of capacities in the...
Radioactive Waste Management Facility consists of an evaporator, compactor, incinerator, cementation, ion exchange, and laboratorium. All these unit are located in one building with integrated system monitoring. The release of radioactive substances from the operation of radioactive waste management facility is one of the radiation dose contributors to environment around facility. The...
Proper radioactive waste management is one of the critical issues for a successful and safe nuclear application. Engineered or technical barriers to contain such waste should be performed with the objective of ensuring adequate safety and protection of both the environment and the human health. Cementitious materials have been widely utilized as a solution for radioactive waste disposal....
The 17 SDGs set out in the 2030 Agenda are based on the recognition that the eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable development. All countries and all actors will implement this plan in partnership, which is based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the...
Andra is facing Human Resources (HR) issues with the crucial question of long-term projects, societal acceptance with regards to (for example) the size, duration and multidisciplinary challenges of Cigéo project. Andra must permanently plan years ahead to hold on to its attractiveness, identify and develop potentials, retain its employees, while preserving acquired knowledge.
To that end, a...
The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority “EAEA” has a number of unique scientific and technology facilities that are effectively utilized by the national universities and research institutions through joint research activities and contractual services like the Gamma Irradiation Facility "Cobalt-60”.The Mega Gamma Irradiation unit is The only facility in Egypt that can sterilize agricultural and...
Nuclear decommissioning is an important component of advanced nuclear technology systems. Since the 1990s, China has made positive progress in reducing risks of old nuclear facilities and supporting sustainable development of nuclear energy through decommissioning, accumulating a wealth of good practice experience. This report focuses on the top-level capability industrial layout of China's...
Screening area for near surface disposal siting has been conducted using ArcGIS. Several areas are favorable for disposal siting. Generic safety assessment is required for further investigations suitability of the area. Preliminary site investigation is needed to generate conceptual model and site descriptive model of the site to support generic safety assessment. Safety assessment are needed...
The 3-year HARPERS project aims to establish and clarify the benefits and added value of more aligned and harmonised regulations, practices and standards in decommissioning and radioactive waste management between EC Member States. The project focuses on the following themes i) cross border services/facilities, ii) moving to a circular economy and iii) implementation of advanced...
The 3-years Euratom HARPERS (HARmonised PracticEs, Regulations and Standards in waste management and decommissioning) project aims to establish and clarify the benefits and added value of a more aligned and harmonised regulations and standards for prioritised topics related to decommissioning and radioactive waste management between EC Member States.
One of the technical themes included in...
In Santa Quitéria city, part of the population uses surface water for human consumption. These waters do not undergo any treatment before consumption. As the region has a deposit of uranium, the assessment of water quality becomes an important issue. In the present study, the uranium activity concentration, (AC) in Bq/L, was determined by Arsenazo III method in water samples from six...
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) consist of materials with enriched radioactive elements found in the environment namely uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon. NORM occurs in geological formations and enhanced NORM can be created by industrial activity. In Malaysia, examples of industries that may be of concern include amang...
Effective remediation of complex contaminated sites not only requires the integration of the knowledge of different experts and new technologies (i.e. artificial intelligence, drones, non-destructive characterization, etc.), but also the merging of sustainability values with a continued commitment to the socio-economic needs of its communities, partners, and stakeholders. At the Belgium...
Nuclear derived power features heavily in the strategies of most nations to decarbonise electricity production and industrial processes. It is widely accepted and documented that nuclear generation has a very low carbon intensity when used for electricity production and similar logic can be used to extrapolate this to non-electric applications. These studies have principally focused on...
The Welsh Government has a long-standing commitment to sustainable development and is the only country in the world to have legislated for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals through its Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. The Act establishes national well-being goals and a sustainable development principle, which puts long-term thinking at the heart of our work....
The Euratom Harpers project aims to identify potential opportunities to enhance the implementation of nuclear decommissioning and the associated radioactive waste management through the adoption of a more harmonised approach, increased collaboration, and shared/common practices. The project focuses on three areas: (i) cross border services, (ii) circular economy and (iii) the adoption of...
Radioactive materials out of regulatory control (MORC) are threats to the peace and security of the world. The growth in the use of radioactive materials in industry and medicine rises the concern about theft, neglect, or improper disposal of radioactive materials. In this research, the goal is to find a contaminated object such as a bag, person, or car in crowded places by data fusion between...
The Romanian experience in nuclear installations decommissioning began in 2010 by approving the decommissioning plan for VVR-S nuclear research reactor by regulatory body. At shortly, after reactor permanent shutdown the immediate dismantling strategy was chosen. This strategy allowed that those materials containing radioactivity are removed and/or are decontaminated to a level that permits...
The spent resin from the effluent treatment process and operation of the TRIGA PUSPATI reactor is one of the low level radioactive wastes managed by the national radioactive waste management centre at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency. This waste cannot be stored in its original form for a long period of time to avoid the radiological impact on humans and the environment. The spent resin used is...
Nuclear power remains an important option for many countries to improve energy security, provide energy for development and fight climate change. The greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power plants and are much smaller than those associated with coal, oil and natural gas, and the routine health risks are much smaller than those associated with coal. The nuclear power generation constitutes...
The global annual cancer burden is expected to grow especially on low- and middle-income countries, where over 70 % of cancer deaths are expected to occur, and these countries do not hold adequate facilities and equipment and human resources in this area.
The IAEA Rays of Hope initiative, that aims globally to build, or strengthen cancer tools treatment in terms of access and equity by using...
Implementing Safety Performance Indicators in the Radioactive Waste Management Facility: Methods, Results, and Challenges. This paper provides an overview of the implementation of safety performance indicators (SPIs) in the National Radioactive Waste Management Facility operated by the National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia. The national radioactive waste management facilities...
One of the most important factors in achieving sustainability in the field of safety of radioactive waste management and radiation exposure is the use of cheap, economical and available materials to create radiation shielding Green concrete (RSGC). Radiation shielding green concrete is made from environmentally friendly concrete waste, and this waste includes different types such as slag power...
In Korea, as radioactive waste management facilities have gone into full operation, the regulatory body has been revising the Nuclear Safety Act(NSA) to introduce several practices to radioactive waste management facilities including Periodic Safety Review(PSR) to ensure that the safety regulation framework related to assessment and obligation during operation is consistent with international...
The Republic of Armenia has been using the nuclear energy and technology for peaceful purposes in power generation, agriculture, medicine, industry, and research, for over five decades. However, despite its benefits, the management of generated radioactive waste poses a significant challenge that require a comprehensive approach to ensure both safety and sustainability. The radioactive waste...
From 1952 to 1997, Argentina produced approximately 2,600 tU at the average grade of 0.1% U in the form of ammonium diuranate , intended to meet the domestic Argentinian demand. Seven production centres (not simultaneous), and a pilot plant processed the mineral ore from about 13 U deposits, distributed throughout the territory country, where both open pit and underground mining methods were...
NAC Kazatomprom JSC (hereinafter – Kazatomprom, Company) is the national operator of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the import and export of uranium, rare metals, nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants and fully shares the values of the UN Sustainable Development Agenda. The Company recognizes the importance of all 17 SDGs and, as part of its activities, make every effort to make a feasible...
During decommissioning of nuclear power plants, a large amount of metallic radioactive waste is generated. If it can be confirmed that the residual activity of radioactive waste is below the clearance level, it can be managed as general or industrial waste. For accurate and conservative evaluation of radioactive metal waste, in-situ characterization technology was developed. A value below the...
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) has made great strides toward the development of a safe and sustainable approach to the progressive decommissioning, remediation and revitalization of the Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) site.
Through the establishment of the Land Use Program, focus has been put on incorporating science-based principles and proactive, effective stakeholder and Indigenous...
Cyclotron operation generates secondary neutrons, which induce activation in the concrete radiation shielding. In-situ investigation of neutron shielding properties of special cements for the neutron field in the cyclotron was performed in this work using the activation 54Fe(n,p)54Mn on stainless steel foil. The induced radioactivity in the cement was also investigated. The results show that,...
Different radioactive waste data in Indonesia are currently managed by different information systems (IS). The different IS has led to data islands, inaccurate radioactive waste data, and ineffective radioactive waste management. A literature study on information system integration in radioactive waste management in Indonesia has been conducted by qualitative approaches. The main goals are to...
INITIAL STAGE OF THE LITHUANIAN DEEP GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY PROJECT
“Development Program for Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities and Radioactive Waste Management for 2021–2030” (hereinafter - the Program) was approved by the Resolution No. 76 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania on 3 February 2021.
The Program establishes that the only sustainable final method of...
Today there aren’t any decommissioning project in Egypt for research reactors in the near future, so the regulatory action is focused to the control of reports and other documents which will be necessary and applicable in due time. One of the important points that should be taken in our consideration during decommissioning of the nuclear or radiological facilities is the radioactive waste that...
The decommissioning program is the final stage in the life cycle of a nuclear facility. The organization should prepare the decommissioning program early to fulfill the construction permit requirement. The experience of implementing decommissioning will be an important lesson learned in preparing decommissioning plan and operations. Indonesia once had a uranium recovery facility from...
In Egypt, radioactive materials and sources are utilized exclusively for peaceful purposes in medicine, industry, agriculture, research and education. The application of these radioactive materials and sources generate radioactive wastes which must be managed safely and efficiently for the protection of human health and the environment as the residual level of radioactivity may be high. Egypt...
Main Author
Malam Issa RABIOU
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical /Computer Engineering
Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria
Civil society representative in the Scientific and Advisory Technical Committee (CTSC) of the High Authority of Atomic Energy of Niger (HANEA).
Member of the sub-committee “Communication and Stakeholder Involvement” of the National Technical Committee...
Abstract
The Tajura Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) has two reactors, one of them with a power of 10MWth and the other Critical Facility Stand with a power of 100W within operation for 41 years, the status of the research reactor is extended shutdown since 2013, for these reasons, the decommissioning plan it became important. The preliminary decommissioning plan consists of actions and...
- Status of Radioactive Waste Management in Korea
There are 25 nuclear power plants in Korea, and their power generation capacity is 24,650 MW [1]. Nuclear power generation is essential, and the amount of radioactive waste generated by NPP is increasing every year. Therefore, safe management of radioactive waste is necessary.
- Gyeongju Low and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste...
ABSTRACT
The rapid development of commercial and military uses of radioactive material from the early 1900’s, peaking in the period from 1950’s to 1980’s has led to the development of many radiological and nuclear facilities worldwide. In many countries, these facilities were built and operated before the regulatory infrastructure was in place to ensure that they were effectively...
The disposal of radioactive waste is inextricably linked with the issues of subsoil use and legal regulation of subsoil use relations.
To ensure long-term safety and reliable isolation of radioactive waste at a subsoil site for radioactive waste disposal, it is necessary to obtain the sufficient geological information.
In the Russian Federation, the procedure for the use of subsoil and the...
Nuclear technology is applied in numerous sectors of the Nigerian economy ranging from petroleum industry, Industrial sector, health sector, mining, agricultural sector, security screening, education and research, to handle many socio-economic challenges in a way that is beneficial to the public. The legislative framework for regulating the possession and application of nuclear technology in...
Mobile Hot Cell (MHC) development in Malaysia started in 2008 with the main objectives of handling of high activity sources, safe storing and securing of Disused Radioactive Source (DSRS). In 2015, the Malaysia Government, through the 10th Malaysia Plan provided the required financing to Nuclear Malaysia’s venture into the development of Mobile Hot Cell. The installation and documentation of...
In the coming decades, nuclear decommissioning is set to become a challenge of increasing significance for the nuclear industry and regulators alike as more and more nuclear power plants (NPP) will reach the end of their respective operational lifetimes (Laraia 2018). So far, only a handful of projects have been successfully completed, with some lasting several decades due to immense...
Liquid waste is generated throughout the lifetime of any nuclear installations. To ensure minimal environmental impact, liquid waste management typically involves treatment steps where the volume of the radioactive waste is reduced, the physicochemical reactivity is stabilised, and the migration boundary is established. Initiatives of a new nuclear liquid waste treatment installation can...
In accordance with the Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on September 25, 2015,the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in the case of national and local territorial planning is defined as one of the tasks in the field of sustainable development.The concept of sustainable development is taken into account in planning the siting of new nuclear facilities, which ensure the...
Tehran Research Reactor is an MTR type reactor with a thermal power of 5 megawatts, which was built for the purposes of education, research, radioisotope production and irradiation. The core of this reactor is inside the water pool. This water is light water and is used for cooling, reflection, shielding and moderator. Therefore, this water should be used pure and without mineral so that it...
Introduction: The most PET devices contain scintillation crystals based on lutetium - LSO or LYSO. Lutetium Lu-175 is incorporate with radioactive Lu-176 (abundance 2.6%; T1/2=(3.56±0.07)×1010 years; β- radiation (Emax=596keV), followed by three simultaneous γ-ray emissions (energies: 88, 202 and 307keV)). Taking into account long half-life, lutetium activity could be...
Among the actions aimed at the decommissioning of the Caldas Decommissioning Unit (UDC), branch of Nuclear Industries of Brazil (INB), there is the management of TORTA II, a low activity radioactive waste. This material originated from monazite processing was brought from São Paulo unit, which was decommissioned in the 1990s. There are approximately 13,000 tons of waste packed in 40,000 drums...
NMA-Egypt conducted extensive exploration programs for the discovery of radioactive and nuclear raw materials. Several, uranium occurrences were discovered such as El-Erediya, Egypt. Accordingly, the discovered uranium ore materials are subjected to mining and processing activities, because of these activities, different types of solid wastes are obtained. The disposal of large quantities of...
The Brundtland report defines 'sustainable development' as "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". By considering this vision in addition to the dynamism of the Aarhus convention, the SITEX.Network (Sustainable network for Independent Technical EXpertise on radioactive waste management), a cooperative...
Abstract
The development of the phosphate fertilizer industry leads to the production of more and more phosphoric acid phosphoric acid by attacking natural phosphates with sulfuric acid. The GCT has developed this industry industry since the beginning of the 1950s, with the obligation to reject significant quantities of phosphogypsum, an unavoidable sterile, at the same time as the...
Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority (INRA) as the national regulatory body has been working to improve its regulatory functions toward sustainable development goals. In this regard, INRA requires license`s applicants for the radiation facilities and activities to provide, as appropriate, a justification plan, a radiological environmental impact assessment, a report of seismic studies and a...
The Republic of Korea has been operating a low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal site since 2015. Recently, the issue of the impact of isosaccharinic acid (ISA), a type of complexing agent, on the migration of radionuclides has emerged as a factor for the safety of the repository. ISA is a cellulose-derived material that is highly adsorptive to radionuclides, which can be an...
JSC National Atomic Company “Kazatomprom” ("Kazatomprom” or “the Company”) is a national operator of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the import-export of uranium, rare metals, and nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants. The Company fully embraces the values of the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development, recognizes the importance and adheres to all 17 Sustainable Development Goals...
Portugal is a western European nation with 10.6 M inhabitants (approx.). Uranium ore extraction ceased in 2000 and all former U exploration sites have been or are presently being remediated, as there are no further plans to resume this activity. There are no nuclear power plants in the country. The radioactive waste (RW) generated consists mainly of materials from past U and Ra mining and...
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is very important topic in any radioisotope production facility. It is mandatory for some operators to be available behind hot cell that produce radioisotope to practice some tasks concerning maintenance, dosimetry and operation. One of these tasks is redundant transferring Radioiodine from cell to quality control lab and vice versa for measurements. Contam3.2 is a...
In the past decades, the problem of nuclear waste packages characterization has become one of the foremost challenges for countries with nuclear energy programmes. This problem is not only driven by the necessity to have a more accurate information about the inventory of fissile materials contained in such packages for making better supported decisions for nuclear waste management policies and...
Strategies for effective allocation of budgetary expenditure to run radioactive waste management programs are crucial for supporting a safe and sustainable environment. In this study, we consider budgetary expenditure associated with the planning, treatment, packing, storage, and disposal of radioactive waste, focusing on ensuring a safe and sustainable environment. A multi-objective goal...
A key challenge that is often ignored in new nuclear planning is ensuring that there are credible safe, secure and sustainable paths towards implementation of final disposal facilities for the spent fuel and high-level waste produced. Especially for small or new nuclear power programmes, multinational repositories (MNR) can be a way forward. But national policies, strategies, legislation and...
Despite significant global contribution of nuclear power in achieving safe, reliable, and low carbon energy needs, challenges pertaining to ensuring safety and enabling sustainability in radioactive waste management, decommissioning and environmental protection are not insignificant. On behalf of Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA) promulgated “National Policy...
Nuclear technology applications have been on the increase in Nigeria. The use of radioactive materials in the fields of research, medicine, industry, agriculture, commerce, education and defense; as well as the extraction, processing and combustion of raw materials containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials are among the most prominent. Other emerging activities include the...
To ensure transparency when comparing and assessing options, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) has established an approach together with our stakeholders to valuing the delivery of our decommissioning mission, recognising that value comes in many forms, such as: an improved environment, hazard reduction, social amenities, money or employment. These values have been gathered together...
The Nuclear Energy Systems Strategy Assessment Toolbox (NESSAT), is a comprehensive toolbox for evaluating the long-term safety, environmental impact, and sustainability of nuclear energy systems, developed by Nuclear-21, an expert cabinet consultancy focused on nuclear newbuild support, nuclear resource and waste management and sustainability. NESSAT utilizes advanced modeling techniques and...
Supercritical water oxidation technology has a wide potential application in the treatment of radioactive organic waste because of its high efficiency, no by-products and comprehensive waste degradation. In this research, nickel foam was filled into the pilot plant to form a fine channel supercritical water oxidation reactor, which achieved the goal of miniaturization and efficiency of...
Reactor primary circuit materials undergo general corrosion by temperature and chemical stress. Corrosion products are released from the corroded surfaces, transported by reactor coolant and particles are re-deposited on fuel assemblies, reactor internals and entire primary circuit. Products of corrosion and coolant impurities cause higher radiation doses for personnel during regular outages...
The decommissioning stage is a challenge in licensing nuclear and radioactive installations worldwide. The decommissioning of radioisotope production facilities can generate tons of long-lived radioactive waste, requiring specific procedures for dismantling, demolition, packaging, and managing the radioactive waste generated. In Brazil, advances in the area of radioisotope production resulted...
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are a class of contaminants found in offshore oil and gas reservoirs around the world and may form contamination products including scales and sludges in topside and subsea infrastructure (e.g. pipelines). These facilities are coming to the end of their life in many jurisdictions around the world, which will require decommissioning. The risk...
INTRODUCTION
The first generation of nuclear facilities has already crossed the 75-year milestone. In the near future, the pioneering nuclear power units and fuel cycle facilities will be as old as sixty to seventy years of age. Many of them are no longer in operation today; they have been shut down and are waiting to be decommissioned.
Passing on the nuclear back-end problems to future...
Introduction: At Nuclear Waste Services, our purpose is clear: to make nuclear waste permanently safer, sooner. And we want to become the ‘one-stop shop’ for nuclear waste management and disposal solutions in the UK. As an organisation, we want to deliver this in the most sustainable way possible. We have created a sustainability policy that outlines six key principles to ensure we deliver...
Introduction
Workers managing radioactive waste may be exposed to an important amount of radiation depending on the characteristics, radioactivity, and processing procedures of the waste. In Syria, a Radioactive Waste Management (RWM) facility was established, at the Syrian Atomic Energy Commission, to deal with the radioactive waste in the country.
Materials and Methods
Many...
Under supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), neutron and low activity disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) have been dismantled, conditioned and safely and securely stored within the Cameroon centralized storage facility. Safety measures implemented allow on to dismantle and to load DSRS in two retrievable capsules which have been transferred to the shieldings and...
In 2018, ARPANSA published the Code for Disposal Facilities for Solid Radioactive Waste (ARPANSA 2018). The Disposal Code is based on the requirements relating to disposal of radioactive waste described in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Safety Standard, Disposal of Radioactive Waste (SSR-5). The Disposal Code introduces and applies for the first time the World Health...
In 2018, the Guidance on Requirements for Release [from the Radioactive Substances Regulation] was published by the combined Environment Agencies of the United Kingdom. This is also known as the GRR. The GRR gives the provision for an operator to optimise final solutions to allow release from the RSR and includes options such as those shown in Fig 5 (taken from the GRR).
To aid the...
Tanzania has established a radioactive waste management regime in the country to ensure sustainable management of radioactive waste management withing a country. These efforts include safe and effective management of radioactive waste while protecting public health and the environment. One of the notable sustainable approaches is the establishment of the Central Radioactive Waste Management...
Regulatory guidelines brought base to ensure reliable and sustainable management of radioactive waste. In the past five years, several radioactive waste management guides were developed and issued by the MEE(NNSA) of China, referring to the IAEA's radioactive waste management guidelines. These recently published guidelines in China covered the storage, disposal, and decommissioning of...
The exploitation of radioactive ores in Portugal initiated after the discovery of the first radium deposit in 1907 and was developed until the early nineties. Since 2001, the Portuguese State committed with the environmental remediation of all mining legacy sites in Portugal, including 62 radium and uranium legacy sites. After two decades of remediation 45 radioactive mining sites are...
The Spanish framework for regulatory control and supervision of the decommissioning projects carried out up to date, has posed a challenge that has derived in the acquisition of a vast regulatory experience in this subject.
This experience has been essential in the process of regulatory harmonization in Europe through the WENRA association, and, as a result, the Spanish Nuclear Safety...
Planned Slovenian disposal facility for low and intermediate level waste (LILW) will be situated in Vrbina in municipality Krško. Slovenia will with final disposal of radioactive waste ensure a safe environment for present and future generations. The disposal concept is a near-surface silo which is first of its kind in the world. It is a combination of well-known surface and underground...
According to PNGRR (2020), 90% of the radioactive waste produced in Argentina is low-level waste. Since these materials occupy a lot of space, treatment techniques have been developed to manage them efficiently. One of these techniques is thermal plasma gasification, which involves heating up waste in a special oven using ionized gas. The process's high temperatures enable the treatment of a...
Civil Society (CS) experts involved in the ROUTES (Waste Management routes in Europe from cradle to grave) work package of the EURAD programme , together with Radioactive Waste (RW) technical experts, have investigated how the pillars of the Aarhus Convention together with a broader understanding of Transparency and Public Participation (T&PP) can be transposed into Radioactive Waste...
One of the preferred choices for near-surface type disposal facilities for radioactive waste including DSRS based on the DSIDE methodology is borehole disposal. This borehole disposal facility is part of a radioactive waste management installation which is centralized at the Serpong Nuclear Center according to the principle of co-location. The design of the borehole disposal facility in...
The decommissioning of each nuclear site is associated with the production of a large amount of radioactive waste, which must be processed as efficiently as possible. Various solid and liquid wastes, in different quantities are located in a variety of sometimes difficult-to-access locations across large sites. The longer these radioactive wastes (RAW) are stored, the harder they can be...
This paper will cover the implementation of sustainability initiatives and the practical decisions which have to be made for radiation safety. There are times when the decision has to be made between safety and sustainability; times when there are compromises and times when they are congruent. Safety requirements will always play a larger role in these decisions, and sustainability decisions...
The criteria and options for the selection of appropriate technology for either discharge of liquid radioactive effluents directly or concentrate and store for decay is an important regulatory decision due to the potential for increased exposure, associated costs and the complexity of technical and environmental considerations.
An effective model can be used to estimate and evaluate the...
Facilities that will carry out rare earth element (Thorium and Uranium) extraction, processing and storage activities are considered in the scope of nuclear facility. For this reason, the founder carries out an environmental radiological monitoring program for a period of 1 year to determine the background radiation in the environmental environment in and around the mine site. Then, it submits...
The PREDIS project targets the development and implementation of activities for pre-disposal treatment of radioactive waste streams other than nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste.
In order to focus on the needs of stakeholders and end users, interaction with them is foreseen at different levels, on different topics and at different moments in time. One example of the impact of...
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the preoperational and operational radiomonitoring program for near-surface disposal in the Anarak radioactive waste near-surface trench-type repository in Iran using both experimental and simulation methods. Barrels containing solid and solidified radioactive waste and concrete overpacks are planning to dispose into the near-surface disposal...
ONDRAF/NIRAS plans to build and operate a surface disposal facility for the low-level radioactive waste in Dessel. The licensing process is underway and should lead to a construction and operation license by mid-2023. The construction of the disposal facility could start in 2024 and its operation could be expected in 2027.
The license (and the safety report) will set the conditions that the...
PRIORITIZATION APPROACH FOR NUCLEAR LEGACY FACILITIES DECOMMISSIONING
Mr. Valerii Bochkarev, Mr. Anatoliy Schadilov,
Mr. Boris Brilliantov, Mr. Denis Plotnikov, Mr. Ilia Afanasev
Radiation Safety Division,
Scientific and Engineering Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SEC NRS)
Moscow, Russian...
Management of radioactively contaminated lands after accidents or past practices is an actual challenge which is reflected in number of the IAEA publications. The paper will present Belarusian approaches for classification of radioactively contaminated lands, practical experience and consecutive actions taken for exclusion of territories from «radiation hazardous lands» and in remediation....
South Africa’s Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) is generated from Eskom’s only two 1 840 MWe nuclear power reactors at the Koeberg Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and from Necsa’s only one research reactor (SAFARI-1) at the Pelindaba nuclear research site. The establishment of the Centralised Interim Storage Facility (CISF) follows recent reports from the power utility Eskom who runs the NPP at Koeberg that...
This paper provides an update to progress towards the end-to-end demonstration of deep borehole disposal for radioactive waste, following the research study presented at the IAEA International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management in November 2021.
In 2021/22, Deep Isolation and the University of Sheffield conducted a study of international stakeholder views from across the regulatory,...
Integration of safety, sustainability, and innovation has become a critical imperative in today’s world. This ideology is closely linked to the responsible utilisation of radioactive waste, decommissioning, and environmental protection. However, this does not only involve waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants but also by-products from other energy sectors like fly...
In the UK, nuclear sites are regulated by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and the relevant environment agency[1]
In the early stages of decommissioning of a nuclear reactor, the spent fuel and higher activity wastes are removed and stored securely elsewhere, resulting in radiological hazards on the site falling by over 99%. In the final stages of decommissioning and clean-up,...
The public of nuclear industries is informed about the creation and successful industrial tests at the nuclear power plant of Eastern Europe of a new decontamination technology “McSimets” with the use of biopolymer supramolecular decontamination means to background values based on new physico-chemical principles.
Due to the decommissioning of nuclear facilities around the world, the relevance...
Public opinion is an important factor regarding success of nuclear energy policy implementation in a country, and existing literature focusing on determinants of public opinion emphasizes trust in a variety of stakeholders, perceived risk and perceived benefits as the path leading to acceptability. However, until recently most of the studies were dependent on surveys or interviews. In order to...
CNESTEN (National Center for Nuclear Energy, Sciences and Techniques) is the national centre for the collection and management of radioactive waste. Consequently, the center receives the 99m Tc generators and smoke detectors that are no longer usable in all regions of Morocco, in order to manage them according to well defined procedures.
As soon as a client (clinic, hospital centre, company,...
The paper presents the radiation safety analyses of the management of radioactive sources coming from lightning rods. Such management of sealed sources is part of activities on their planned dismantling and decommissioning activities of old radioactive waste storages in Serbia where dismantled lightning rods are stored. Since these sources cause a large contribution to the radiation dose, the...
To fuel the Soviet Union’s nuclear weapons program, over 10,000 tons of uranium ore was extracted and processed in Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan–leaving thousands of metric tons of radioactive waste across 23 distinct tailings sites and waste rock dumps. Today, uranium legacy sites (ULS) pose environmental and public health risks. Internationally led cleanup efforts have increased since 2015 with the...
In the Dutch medical sector, which includes hospitals and medical suppliers various radioactive materials are used for diagnostics, treatment and scientific research. The use of these materials results in the production of radioactive residual and waste materials. Based on literature and interviews, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has investigated which...
The French radioactive waste management policy is defined by the Ministry of Energy Transition. The French nuclear safety authority (ASN) oversees their implementation. In order to obtain the authorization to condition radioactive waste, operator must demonstrate that conditioning processes ensure the safety of the waste and associated package and the safety of nuclear facilities at all stages...
The Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization)-Radioactive Waste Management Center (TINT-RWMC) is the institution responsible for the management of radioactive waste generated from nuclear and radiation applications in industry, research, and agriculture in Thailand. RWMC is a service at a national level that includes the collection and transportation of radioactive wastes...
Even developed nations have challenges from the use of nuclear and radiological technologies in terms of environmental, safety, and radioactive waste management. Two key concepts that are closely related are the guiding principles of safety and sustainability. Safety refers to the protection of people and the environment against radiation risks as well as the safety of facilities and...
It is planned to make a presentation during "International Conference on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Decommissioning, Environmental Protection and Remediation: Ensuring Safety and Enabling Sustainability", which will cover the following issues:
- the authority of the State Agency of Ukraine on Exclusion Zone Management as the central body of executive power, its legislative...
INTRODUCTION
The Russian nuclear industry has not only a rich history of development and operation of nuclear facilities, but also experience on decommissioning of nuclear facilities and associated radioactive waste management (RWM, RAW management).
The paper will describe Rosatom's experience and practices in radioactive waste management as part of NPP decommissioning.
I. COMPLIANCE OF...
Embalse Nuclear Power Plant (CNE NPP) is a CANDU type reactor with pressure tubes type, loaded with natural uranium fuel, and moderated and cooled with heavy water. It is located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina.
Before accomplished its first cycle of operation, the Government, according to the national Law N° 26566 (in 2009), declared of national interest the life extension of CNE and...
Operation of radioactive waste (RAW) treatment facilities, RAW repositories and Interim spent fuel storage facilities could potentially lead to radiation emergencies with potential radiological consequences for the public population. Presented and discussed is approach and methodology of the source term assessment for identified foreseeable radiation emergencies at given type of RAW...
The ROUTES work package (WP) is one of two strategic studies WPs within the ongoing European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD). ROUTES objectives are to provide a framework for Member States to share methodology, experiences and knowledge in the radioactive waste management (RWM) considering waste from its origin to disposal. Two tasks within the ROUTES WP are...
TRR-1/M1 research reactor utilizes for basic and applied research in nuclear physics, radiochemistry, activation analysis, materials sciences, and nuclear medicine. It serves as powerful tool for production variety of radioactive isotopes. It has been used for education and training of nuclear science, nuclear engineering students and nuclear power plant staff. Since it has been used for more...
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KENYA
Radioactive wastes pose a significant impact on health and environment, and their health risks in low and middle-income countries like Kenya are an important public health concern. On account of numerous social and economic benefits derived from the use of radioactive materials there has been a perceptible growth in the use of radioactive materials in...
In Nepal, radioactive sources are primarily used in the medical field. The Radioactive Substances (Utilization and Regulation) Act of 2020 became effective in July 2020, and the Radioactive Substances (Utilization and Regulation) Rules of 2022 were approved in August 2022. These developments have paved the way for the establishment of a regulatory body responsible for managing radioactive...
Current situation with the management with the radioactive waste in North Macedonia, and programmatic perspectives for future
Decommissioning of the Radiation-technological (RTC) site of the JSC «FOTON» including 2 gamma facilities and IIN-3M pulse liquid fuel research reactor occured in 2015-2019. During decommissioning 46 twenty-liter plastic containers with very low dose rates from reactor cooling system were transported to the Institute of Nuclear Physics for reprocessing at AQUA facility. Solid radioactive...
The Tunisian phosphate industry processes large amounts of phosphate ore (8 Mton/year, 20) for a wide range of applications: the production of phosphoric acid, fertilizers and others. Water is one of the essential elements in phosphate enrichment process in Southern Tunisia. After being used, most of this wastewater is returned to the environment. This study focused on discharges from...
Radiography is extensively used in non-destructive testing techniques in Indonesia, particularly in industry, hospitals, and research. Although digital radiography and computed radiography are now available, manual radiography is still widely used. The manual radiographic procedure utilizing X-ray and gamma cameras generates waste in the form of B3 liquid waste from film processing and ZRTTD...
Summary. The main objective of this work is to characterize the different compartments of the environment, by considering samples of air, soil and fresh water, in order to protect the environment and the public from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, and to control the reference level of natural and artificial radioactivity . Soil samples were taken in various undisturbed areas of the...
The trench-type Veselivske radioactive material burial site in the Kirovograd Region of Ukraine near Kropyvnytskyy city was created in 1988 in a former clay quarry to store the waste materials originating from the clean-up of an accident involving two disused industrial 137Cs sources. The institutional control over the site has weakened over decades, and as a consequence the burial site...
In addition to the well-known benefits of nuclear facilities, such as the energy generation and radiopharmaceutical production, the population surrounding a nuclear facility site experiences other benefits. For example, the population benefit from jobs creation and the associated academic development. There is also a growth in the surrounding cities. The good standards for environmental...
We are surrounded with radiation, which is an essential component of our surroundings. Natural radiation flux is the main source of non-medical human exposure to ionising radiation. For the purpose of evaluating indoor air quality and researching the possible harm to human health, measurements of the radon gas 222Rn in the environment are crucial. After smoking, radon exposure is regarded as...
Under the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate’s program for ensuring safety during decommissioning of destroyed nuclear facilities and remediation of radioactively contaminated sites in Iraq, radiological safety assessment was conducted for workers involved in the management of radioactive waste generated from remediation of Adaya site. Adaya site (located at Al-Musil city, north of Iraq)...
Radon is the largest contributor to radiation doses for the worldwide population. Reducing radon levels indoors is one of the initiatives of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. While exposures vary greatly among individuals, people living in areas affected by past uranium mining and milling or other NORM related activities are particularly at risk.
NORM-contaminated legacy sites often comprise...
This research proposes a systematic method to assess and compare nuclear reactor units and other facilities in regard to their potential environmental impact in case of accidental releases. The strategy employed involves computing the radioecological risk, which accounts for the likelihood of an accident, the quantity of radioactive substances that could be discharged, and the influence of...
The environmental impact of mining activity has high concern worldwide since the environmental status of should be studied using in-situ and lab-based methods. In this work a rapid radioactivity mapping was performed in two areas: one with mining activity and one without. A low resolution spectrometer is applied enabling smart integration capabilities to provide rapidly radioactivity maps of...
The increasing number of mining products in Indonesia impacts increasing radioactive associated mineral products as the rest of the mining products. This can potentially spread radiation hazards that threaten the safety of workers, communities, and the environment. Meanwhile, there still needs to be a higher level of awareness of the potential dangers related to the processing of mining...
Indonesia is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets and this has been manifested in various legal politics, including in the establishment of legislations and regulations. Since the SDGs have complex goals that do not only focus on economic growth, but also ensure environmental preservation, social welfare, and peace. In addition, as one of the countries...
Technologies for the management of radioactive waste has been constantly upgraded based on R&D activities and operating experience with a view to minimise the release of activity to the environment, reduction in the volume of waste disposed, its recycle and reuse and to lower the radiation exposure to the operating personnel. An important effluent coming from uranium refining operation is...
The Element Fuel Experimental Installation (EFEI) is an installation equipped with a Pilot Conversion Plant (PCP) facility designed to convert and refine yellowcake powder (U3O8). Yellowcake (U3O8) powder is converted into nuclear-grade uranium dioxide (UO2) powder as the main component of making nuclear fuel. The yellowcake conversion process includes dissolving yellowcake, purifying uranyl...
As with other nuclear installations, ageing management of nuclear fuel cycle facilities (FCFs) entails guaranteeing the availability of needed safety functions throughout their service life while taking into account changes that occur with time and use. This necessitates addressing both physical ageing, which causes degradation of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) critical to safety,...
Crude oil and its products and waste from petroleum industry containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). Human activities in the petroleum industry namely extraction, processing crude oil and natural gas activities generated significant number of wastes containing NORM. In addition, the specific radioactivity of these NORM waste may be enhanced due to technological and human...
In Egypt there are two research reactors in operation, the first research reactor (ETRR-1) went critical in 1961. The second one (ETRR-2) has commissioned in 1992. Both reactors are owned and operated by Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) and controlled by Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA). As bases for controlling the construction and operation of the...
Albania after the Second World War was gradually transformed from an agrarian country to an industrial-agrarian country until the end of the 90s, where the largest works of Albanian industry were built, such as: a steel plant in Elbasan capable of processing over 1 million tons iron ore, a large oil refinery, the development of the chrome, iron-nickel and copper mining and processing industry;...
Taking the UK as a case study, we have seen a massive shift away from disposal in dedicated radioactive waste repositories(1). This has been achieved through improved sorting and segregation, metal recycling and volume reduction through incineration, but most significantly by diversion to non-nuclear disposal facilities.
Dedicated radioactive waste disposal capacity is a precious resource...
The Radioactive Waste (RW) stored at Sewaqa legacy site was of particular concern to Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC), since its storage conditions does not meet some of the applicable national legislation requirements and internationally recognized safety standards on safety and security of RW. In order to eliminate these deficits and to achieve full compliance with the requirements of...
Georgia develops its capability to conduct remediation of radiologically contaminated sites. The main following factors should be considered to ensure sustainability of issue:
• Upgraded legal base
• Equipment used for remediation activity
• Building capacity and;
• Develop national radioactive waste management system
The country intensively upgrades its legal base (including laws,...
Disused sealed radioactive sources are piled in Peru due to the peaceful use of them in Medicine, industry and research for a wide range of applications. The sources may contain a broad spectrum of radionuclides, exhibiting a wide range of activity levels and radioactive half-lives. The residual level of radioactivity in some sources can remain high, representing a significant radiological...
The RA-3 research reactor was inaugurated in 1967 to cover the Argentinean demand for medical radioisotopes [1]. The spent fuels from this reactor have been stored in wet conditions in CAE facilities, in the past at the DCMFEI deposit and currently in the FACIRI deposit [2].
There are three proposals for the management research reactor spent fuels [2]:
- Uranium isotopic dilution for use...
The application of nuclear science and technology in research, medicine, industry and in the generation of electricity generate waste that requires management to ensure the protection of human health and the environment now and in the future, without imposing undue burdens on future generations. Radioactive waste may also result from the processing of raw materials that contain naturally...
Radioactive Waste Management standard AR 10.12.1 of the Nuclear Regulatory Body from Argentina, held on the year 2016, requires that radioactive waste storage facilities need to develop a safety assessment, prior to operation, in order to ensure safety among the lifecycle of this facilities and guarantee that radiation protection measures to the public and the environment are accomplished, as...
Indonesia, one of the world's top producers of minerals faces a significant pollution problem from mining activities. Some types of mining may produce waste that contains Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). There are potential solutions to mitigate the negative impact of mining. One possible method is valorization of waste materials as building materials. With increasing research...
Like all industries, the nuclear industry produces waste as it operates to produce electricity. A very small amount of fuel is used by the nuclear industry to generate enormous amounts of energy. The development of nuclear power plants benefits the economy, human welfare, and the fight against global warming. Numerous activities, such as nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear energy...
Like all industries, the nuclear industry produces waste as it operates to produce electricity. A very small amount of fuel is used by the nuclear industry to generate enormous amounts of energy. The development of nuclear power plants benefits the economy, human welfare, and the fight against global warming. Numerous activities, such as nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear energy...
Achieving stakeholder recognition of the role of nuclear technologies in delivering United Nations sustainable development goals is significantly dependent upon building confidence in the safety of radioactive waste management, decommissioning, environmental protection and remediation.
A major regulatory issue of particular interest is how to achieve a balance between:
• the need for...
In Malaysia, the atomic energy activities are controlled by the Department of Atomic Energy (Atom Malaysia), the regulatory body established under the Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304). The atomic energy activities including the irradiation facility, non-destructive testing activities, gauging, research and education as well as the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)...
This paper describes the Romanian regulatory framework for the safe management of radioactive waste and decommissioning in order to ensure safety and sustainability. The pyramidal regulatory framework is governed by nuclear law and consists of safety and licensing requirements on pre-disposal and disposal of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel as well as safety requirements on...
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) is Canada’s premier nuclear science organization with priorities on restoring and protecting Canada’s environment, supporting clean energy for today and the future, and contributing to the health of Canadians. Enabling and delivering on each of these priorities requires the use of shielded transfer systems and shielded packages for on-site transfers and...
Many factors contribute to the ability of any society, whether industrialized or developing, to achieve sustainable development, one of the most important is a supply of energy resources that is fully sustainable. Naturally, for a society to attain or try to attain sustainable development, much effort must be devoted not only to discovering sustainable energy resources, but also to increasing...
Treatment of contaminated metals by melting in Sweden started 1987 as a joint initiative by the licensee at that time (Studsvik) and the regulators in Sweden. One year later, the first treatment campaign for international licensees took place. Since 2016, the metal treatment facility in Sweden is owned and operated by Cyclife Sweden AB, a company within the EDF Group.
Already from the first...
Touria El GHAILASSI, Najib FADIL, Youness El ABBARI, Rachid TOUHAMI, Mohamed TAHIRI, Abedellah OUNIB, Khalid FATHI, Abderrahim BOUIH, Bouzekri NACIR
National Center For Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques (CNESTEN)
Practically every country in the world uses radioactive sources; the radiation they emit can be used for beneficial purposes in many areas of development. Once these...
The study spotlights radioactive wastes management in Syria based on the National legislation Decree No. 64 and the Prime Minister Decree No. 134. Historical and new wastes at the user premises were collected and temporary stored at the central radioactive waste management facility, where they were processed to meet the International Safety Standards.
Scales originated from decontamination of...
Interim storage is a system for temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel for a period from initial removal from the reactor until reprocessing or direct ultimate waste disposition.
The causes of spent fuel degradation as fuel/cladding interaction, oxidation and hydration, thermo-mechanical properties and radiological source term will be discussed.
To minimize the oxidation rate of the...
There are large numbers of research reactors and many more small nuclear facilities utilizing radioactive material, some of which are coming to the end of their operating lives and will require decommissioning. These nuclear facilities were built in many States, and the extent of local nuclear experience varies widely. Although the radioactive source terms within research reactors and other...
Indonesia has stored spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) from operational of G. A. Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor (GAS-MPR) in the interim storage for spent fuel (ISSF). SNFs, as high-level radioactive waste, are stored in a pool of water that requires structures, systems, and components (SSC) according to the safety requirements of non-reactor nuclear installations. ISSF operations are inevitable from...
Nigeria seeks to meet future energy needs and develop a diversified, steady, secure and sustainable electric power supply for sundry use for industrial and socio economic development through the use of nuclear science and technology. Safe management of radioactive wastes, spent fuel and disused sources from such practices is essential for the protection of human health and the environment, in...
Radiological characterization activities represent an important part of the decommissioning project of a nuclear installation or waste management processes. These are continuous activities over the lifetime of the mentioned processes, being carried out repeatedly due to the fact that radiological characterization activities are necessary in their many phases. It is a good practice to manage...
The issuance of Government Regulation No. 52 Year 2022 on Safety and Security of Nuclear Ore Mining provided regulatory basis for TENORM management in Indonesia. The regulation provided safety and security requirements that needs to be fulfilled by TENORM producers. Henceforth, TENORM producers shall acquire license to storage or license to process. Afterward when TENORM producers would no...
Safety Management of Wet Storage Facilities of ETRR-1 Research Reactor to Support the Future Decommissioning Phase – Defueling and Spent Fuel Encapsulation Process
Mohamed H. Esawy, Nader M.A. Mohamed
ETRR-1, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT:
The Egyptian first research reactor ETRR-1 is a tank type reactor which was supplied by the former Soviet...
Going back to the origins of modern sustainability concepts, the Brundtland Report of 1987 develops a broadly accepted definition: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." The literature derives several crucial principles, including intra- and intergenerational justice, holism and...
According to Russian National regulatory documents it is necessary to perform a comprehensive engineering and radiation survey (CERS) of NPP’s blocks, stopped for decommissioning, with the aim to obtain the data for designing the project of decommissioning.
This report reviews CERS experience gained at Leningrad NPP’s 1st and 2nd blocks and Russian National Regulatory Requirements for CERS...
In the beginning of the year 2020, the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) discovered radioactive elements in a field that was otherwise empty in the Batan Indah Housing Complex in the Setu District of South Tangerang. When BAPETEN was conducting function tests on the 30th and 31st of January in the year 2020, the detection of radiation from radioactive objects was observed. The waste...
During the assessment of potential geological Formations according to suitability for the deep geological repository (DGR) the positive and negative screenings of Lithuanian territory were performed. The criteria for the negative screenings have been covered protection zones of wellfields protection zones, European Natura 2000 areas, cities, areas of mineral deposits, formation thickness...
The implementation of a radioactive waste repository is especially important to countries that have a nuclear program or wants to be a newcomer nuclear country, as it testifies the correct management of the large amount of radioactive waste generated in several nuclear related activities.
In Brazil, the site selection process is guided by CNEN Standard NE 6.06, which establishes minimum...
Radioactive waste from industrial activities, hospitals, research and decommissioning of nuclear/radiation facilities needs to be managed completely until it is stored and disposed of so that it is safe, sustainable and does not pollute the environment. In line with these waste management principles, Indonesia will prepare a long-term storage system and final storage (disposal), as part of the...
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Experimental
3.1. Materials and reagents
3.2. Preparation of composite polymer
3.3. Studying the physicochemical properties of the polymer
3.4. Application of the composite polymer in radioactive waste treatment
3.5. Radiometric Measurements and distribution Coefficient - Results
4.1. Physicochemical properties of the polymer
4.2. Effect of contact...
The South Alligator Valley in Australia’s Northern Territory (NT) was the location for 12 or more small uranium mines in the 1950s and 1960s The mines were abandoned un-remediated, and the area continued as a pastoral cattle station for the next 20 years. In the 1980s the area was explored again for platinum and gold whilst simultaneously being handed back to traditional owners and designated...
Peaceful use of nuclear energy began in Slovakia in 1972. Currently, four VVER 440 units are in operation in Slovakia, one unit is in the commissioning phase. By the mid-1980s, spent nuclear fuel (SNF) was being shipped to the USSR. In 1986, a pool-type interim spent fuel storage facility (ISFSF) was put into operation. In 2000, the ISFSF was seismically upgraded, and its storage capacity was...
Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Regulatory Council (SLAERC) was established with the mandate of establishing and implementing a regulatory regime for ensuring the protection of people & environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and security of radioactive sources.
At the request of SLAERC the IAEA has sent teams to Sri Lanka two times 2015 & 2018 to assist conditioning of radioactive...
The Caldas Decommissioning Unit (UDC), belonging to Nuclear Industries of Brazil (INB), was the first uranium mine in Brazil that operated from 1977 to 1995. Currently, actions are carried out to mitigate environmental impacts and recover degraded areas under supervision by regulatory bodies (Ibama and CNEN) and other civil society representatives.
There are several challenges in...
In nuclear medicine departments, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures carried out generate radioactives wastes. These wastes are an inevitable result of the use of radionuclides in unsealed form.
All liquids, gloves or syringes etc.., used in diagnosis or therapy, considered as contaminated material must be managed safely. Within healthcare establishments, clear and strict protocols are...
Vaalputs Radioactive Waste Site is the only authorised disposal facility in South Africa that disposes Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste. The facility is located on the Bushmanland/Namaqualand Plateau. The Vaalputs disposal concept is s a near surface multi-barrier disposal which takes into account both the engineering (man-made) and natural barriers. What makes the facility...
Wider society´s viewpoint is an important consideration to ensure the continued support of peaceful nuclear power generation. History shows that lack of public support has influenced political decisions and impeded projects. With that in mind this abstract focuses on how the views of society could affect, and be implicated in, the decision-making process within the field of radioactive waste...
IAEA Safety Standards and Euratom Council Directives provide the basis for the underlying legal and regulatory framework in radioactive waste management and decommissioning. This enables a framework for radioactive waste treatment within countries which are underpinned by local considerations and national policies. To further the safe advancement of waste treatment, we have embarked upon a...
The sustainability of nuclear energy production depends on the sustainability and acceptability of the entire fuel cycle chain. Demonstration of safe operation without unacceptable harmful effects to inhabitants and to non-human biota is a necessary condition for sustainability. Presented and discussed are methodology, algorithms and outputs of the tool ESTE, which is software for...
The intersection of nuclear safety and sustainability in nuclear decision-making and policy deserves more attention. In Canada, safety lies at the heart of project-specific nuclear decision-making processes. While sustainability is addressed via broader energy planning and policy-making. While the former contains legislated provisions for informed and funded public involvement, the latter does...
It is vital that we take an integrated systems approach to embed sustainable development in decisions taken throughout the nuclear lifecycle. As the decommissioning of the UK’s earliest reactors proceeds towards final decommissioning, restoration plans and decisions need to respond to wider social and environmental considerations. Nuclear operators also need to deliver against their...
Ignalina NPP has been permanently shutdown and is currently in the decommissioning phase. Decommissioning activities, besides dismantling projects, also include construction and operation of treatment, storage and disposal facilities for radioactive waste. Before the start of decommissioning activities, licenses and permits for the implementation of a certain activity shall be obtained from...
Sustainability in Safety for Borehole Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources: Malaysian Experience
MAW Yusof
Abstract
Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It should be balanced between economic growth, environmental protection, and societal wellbeing. The development of...
Abstract
For more than two (2) decades, Nigeria has been involved in wide range of peaceful applications of nuclear technology in various fields, such as industry, medicine, agric, research, and other applications leading to more prospects and as well as challenges associated with the sustainability of radioactive waste management to attain environmental and economic benefits. In recognition...
Sustainability in nuclear power is linked to many sustainability aspects, and these sustainability aspects have different significance in the different phases of nuclear power.
For example, during the front-end particular focus and attention is given to consideration of certain aspects (e.g. human rights, biodiversity, health & safety (H&S),etc.); whereas during operation other aspects are...
Abstract:
The IRAQ IRT-5000 Soviet designed research reactor was seriously destroyed during the Gulf war 1991 the records and operation documents, candidates for decommissioning, were lost. It has been identified as the largest, most complex facility with the highest radiological significance, which has lost its containment of radioactive materials and has an increased potential for large...
Effective and safe management of disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRSs) is essential in ensuring sustainability in radioactive waste management particularly in countries without extensive nuclear power program like Malaysia. Malaysia is adopting borehole disposal as an approach to wisely and safely manage its Category 3-5 DSRSs and at the same time promoting sustainability of the...
Contaminated sites management started being implemented in a more structured form in Brazil mainly in the 90’s. Since then, the management strategy and techniques have evolved significantly. For example, a site-specific risk-based approach was developed to define remediation goals and new remediation technologies were developed and are applied worldwide. However, more recently, it became...
Abstract - This study highlights the presence of unnoticed waste that is not directly exposed to radiation. The proper management of biomass waste in the vicinity of radiation sites is a crucial responsibility of radiation workers. This study explores the feasibility of converting waste into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through the utilization of appropriate technology at a temperature of...
It is widely accepted that the nuclear industry contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) through the production of clean, low-carbon energy. However, wider sustainability opportunities within the construction of nuclear facilities are less well recognised.
Further, in an industry that embraces safety, finding a balance between safety, environment, and other...
The applications of radioactive sources for peace full purposes are steadily increasing globally in health, agriculture, water resource management, energy and industrial sectors, research institutes and other areas. The users of radiation technology should establish their national framework and infrastructure in line with international radiation safety standards since they are key enablers and...
Deep borehole disposal (DBD) is a promising concept for the safe and long-term disposal of radioactive waste. This paper presents a proposal for a demonstration project located in Western Australia, highlighting the potential of the concept as a viable solution for the management of radioactive waste; this is in context of Tellus receiving indigenous approval for a DBD project and being in...
Radioactive waste is an essential aspect of using nuclear energy in Indonesia. The volume of radioactive waste that requires management is highly dependent on the utilization of nuclear energy. As residual material from activities using radioactive material, radioactive waste does not benefit facilities that generate it. Hence, there is a potential that radioactive waste needs to be...
The successful and peaceful application of nuclear science and technology particularly nuclear power plant in Ghana calls for the establishment of all the necessary regulatory and physical infrastructural framework for decommissioning in tandem with local and international requirements such as the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Fundamental Safety Principles and General Safety...
All over the world the nuclear waste management is always part of the public debate. Independently from the origin of the waste, the main concern is the radiological emission and the impact on human health and the environment. The inexistence of a standardized characterized procedure of nuclear waste types and packages, a country dependent legislation with own definition of waste categories...
Introduction
The new national legislation in Serbia envisages site security plan for a nuclear medicine facility.
Although we have two years to to comply with regulations, as the largest nuclear medical institution in Serbia, we tried to implement the appropriate project as soon as possible. Probably due to the low risk, from a nuclear security point of view, relevant issues have not...
Abstract: Radioactive waste management always attracts attention as it progresses significantly in term of regulations and technological development. Options of reusing, recycling, or simply just consider them as permanent waste require serious consideration.
Number of total radioactive and/or nuclear facilities for industrial purposes in Indonesia tends to be increasing as the implementation...
The National Radioactive Waste Disposal Institute is in a process of a licensing application to manage and operate the country’s low level waste disposal facility. While the organisation is in this transitional phase to manage the facility, it is crucial to develop processes and design an organisational structure that fosters leadership for nuclear safety practices and ultimately meets nuclear...
Belgium was from 1922 till 1977 a major radium-producer by extraction from natural ores. This production was situated on the site of the former Union Minière, now UMICORE, in Olen.
Since 1977, decommissioning of production facilities and remediation activities were conducted: radium-contaminated materials and soils were brought on landfills and in storage facilities, but these are only...
Establishing reliable cost estimates is an essential element of decommissioning project planning. Cost, time, and quality are all drivers for decision-making and high-quality costing data is desirable to assess the economic viability of projects. Quality cost estimates are an essential key enabler to ensure that safety and sustainability are embedded in decisions. The identification of...
The project removal of disused sealed radioactive sources from Chile, aims to decrease the threat of Category I radioactive sources by removing them from the country. A total of 31 Co-60 sources, contained in teletherapy heads, were identified and they are being doing securely transported to a designated facility overseas for proper disposal. The transportation process adhered to all...
Developing policies, strategies and an adequate regulatory framework for NORM residue management is a challenge for many countries, including Brazil. Industries that generate NORM residue must undertake actions aimed at recycling and reusing materials, whenever possible, or for disposal when no further use of waste is foreseen. To make the circular economy a feasible option to the industries...
he Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) approved in 2015 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development, without being legally binding, require countries that adhere to the 2030 Agenda to adopt them as their own by establishing National Frameworks for their achievement.
Cuba endorsed these principles; however, there was already a legislative framework applicable to the safety of...
The effect of erosion on the long-term safety of the Anarak, Iran near surface disposal facility was one of the main issues considered during the safety assessment and design process. Therefore, the measurement of the erosion rate considered as one of the common projects with IAEA and Hungarian experts who have worked on the issue of erosion before. The various techniques have been studied for...
Abstract
THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY CENTRE ON THE SAFETY AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Aliyu Sa’id, Yahaya Musa, Jamilu Yusuf and I. A. Bappah.
*Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Nigeria.
Sustainable use of nuclear science and technology depends on the safe use of nuclear materials...
Nuclear, of high energy density, is completely fenced off from the general environment. Given Koeberg’s four decades of operations, the business result delivered was zero environmental air emissions and zero disposal of high-level waste into the environment. All the spent fuel assemblies, since commissioning of the two nuclear reactors in the mid-eighties, remain in the spent fuel pool in...
The infrastructure of the UAE Nuclear Programme has been established with the “Policy of the State on the Evaluation and Potential Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy” issued in 2008. The Policy aims to develop and regulate the nuclear sector towards peaceful purposes of nuclear energy, as well as the Federal Law by Decree No. 6 of 2009 “Concerning the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy” that...
The use of new materials, especially based on e carbon nanomaterials is increasing each day. Among these carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene quantum dots are one of the most impressive ones, not only by its quantum behavior but due to the adsorption quality conferred by electrostatic interactions from the negatively charged groups as the huge surface area (2.630 m2/g). In this study, we...
Transition from operation to decommissioning of NPP units in the Russian Federation on the example of units 1 and 2 Leningrad NPP
1. Introduction
In Russian Federation in operation -11 NPPs (36 power units), Total - 30.5 GW. NPP produced over 20% of all power generated in Russian Federation. At 2022 – 9 power units are shut down for decommissioning, of which: 2 NPP – at decommissioning...
Safe treatment of radioactive waste containing Cs-134 is the aim of this work, it includes;
1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Preparation of sorbent material
2.2. Characterization of the prepared material
2.3. Sorption experiments
2.3.1. Effect of pH on the treatment process
2.3.2. Effect of contact time and concentration
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Characterization of the...
The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Low Level Radioactive Waste Management (LLRWM) and Decommissioning Programs continue to make progress to decommission and remediate the commercial complex nuclear facilities and legacy sites and fulfil the “Sustainability Promise” to make as many former nuclear sites as possible available for unrestricted reuse. NRC follows procedures for...
The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management (LLRWM) Program continues to make progress with allowing for the safe use of nuclear technology and nuclear materials for industrial and medical uses while sustainably increasing disposal options for higher activity wastes. The NRC is undertaking a rulemaking to modify its low-level waste disposal...
At the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP), the DOE Office of Environmental Management’s (EM) vision is to transform a community liability into a safe and sustainable asset. EM is tasked with cleaning up the legacies of the Manhattan project, by demolishing contaminated facilities and remediating contaminated soils and groundwater. As a result, that work is...
The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management’s (LM’s) mission is to fulfill DOE’s post closure responsibilities and ensure the future protection of human health and the environment. LM incorporates safety and sustainability into the planning process early and continually throughout project life cycle, which results in resilient sites that support the communities affected by...
Introduction: Foundational work has been undertaken by the UK’s Integrated Waste Management Programme (IWMP) to understand the current and aspirational future state of sustainability practice in radioactive waste management in the UK, and to establish a common perspective across the nuclear sector. This paper will describe the gap and the response to deliver the necessary thought-leadership in...
Nuclear applications present a complex interplay of conflicting priorities between security, safety, and sustainability. The pursuit of nuclear security, ensuring the protection of nuclear materials and facilities from unauthorized access or malicious intent, frequently poses difficulties that may conflict with the objectives of safety and sustainability. This paper delves into the intricate...
Radioactive materials find frequent use in many aspects of industry and research; however, it is vital to ensure the safety of the radiation worker during their use. One area of concern is the aggregate dose received by a worker across their career, which may be difficult to track due to changing employers, industries, and personal and professional details. This information is vital for...
The abstract is attached as a pdf file
Radioactive wastewater acts as an extreme threat to human health as well as the ecological system. In tandem with the foreseen advancement in nuclear-related activities, uranium release into the environment will also increase. In this respect, investigating a simple process for uranium recovery from radioactive wastewater, driven by the aspects of the circular economy (CE), could assist in...
The IAEA BDC Scoping Tool and AMBER Modelling were employed in the post-closure safety assessment of a proposed borehole disposal facility in Ghana. The borehole disposal facility is to be constructed to dispose of disused sealed radioactive sources in storage. Based on the hydrogeology and geochemical characteristics of the proposed site, results obtained from the IAEA BDC Scoping Tool...
As a member state of the IAEA since 1976, and as a nuclear energy producing nation since 2021, the UAE Nuclear Programme has seen remarkable growth in the past years which has owed to the international cooperation especially with the IAEA. The paper will highlight the lessons learned through the IAEA peer review services, advisory missions, and Review Meetings of Contracting Parties to the...
The Radioactive waste is generated from various sectors such as medical institutions and industrial processes involving radioactive materials. This waste must be managed adequately to ensure safely and securely to protect human and his environment without making any constraints on the future generations. Many methods have been developed to address this problem, the most widely used technique...
Like many other industries, decommissioning a dicalcium phosphate production facility generates different waste streams. Generic wastes include dismantled equipment, contaminated soil, a mixture of soil and sludge, scale, and other miscellaneous materials. Residues generated in the dicalcium phosphate production consist of sludge of undissolved phosphate rock, SiO2 and fluoride compounds such...
Sustainable development involves environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Radiological Protection System recommended by ICRP includes the optimization principle that considers economic, social, and environmental factors. Therefore, if safety regulation uses this principle as a driving force a perfect relationship between safety and sustainability would be reached, improving resource use...
For the first time in the world in 1957, the «Lenin» nuclear icebreaker was launched in the USSR, this was the beginning of a new chapter in nuclear shipbuilding.
Currently, 8 nuclear vessels with nuclear reactors of various projects are operated in Russia.
In 1978, the nuclear icebreaker «Siberia» of Project 1052 was launched. In 1993, for technical reasons, a decision was made to preserve...
