Description
NCIFE
The reserves and outputs of oil and natural gas in China are among the highest in the world, and the oil and gas industry occupies an extremely important position in the development of China's national economy. On the other hand, during the process of oil and gas exploration, exploitation and utilization, radioactive contamination can be formed owing to accumulations of NORM. Limited previous...
People in Jordan have become more interested in NORM characterization in industries in the last two decades as a result of increased concern about NORM health effects especially after conflicting news about uranium concentrations in the kingdom which made them fear of the transport of radioactive elements to the environment. This paper provides a review of the potential risks from of NORM in...
The abundance of crystalline rocks in Ogun State has resulted in increasing activities of quarry Industries. The rocks in this area have been observed to be rich in Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NOR) which are the primary terrestrial sources of radiation in the environment. This study determined radionuclide contents of rocks in selected twenty (20) quarry industries and also evaluated...
The assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials is initiated as the environmental radioactivity became a cause of concern regarding health effects. In this study, the assessment consisted of the activity concentration of U, Th and K and radionuclide contents in Soil, Produced Water, Sludge, Scale and Sediment samples from the No.1 Thanlynn Oil Refinery and No-3 Mann (Than Bayar...
ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR SECURITY OFFICERS IN NORM STORAGE FACILITIES IN A TIN INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
W.P.D. BETA
Indonesia Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN),
Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: putradaeng29@gmail.com; d.beta@bapeten.go.id
D.DARSINO
Indonesia Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Synopsis:
In IAEA SF-1 and GSR Part 3...
Gela has been identified by the regional legislation as one of the four areas at high risk of environmental crisis in Sicily, where some large industrial complexes, such as phosphate acid factory and petrochemical industries, were located. Although the phosphate acid factory has stopped production since 1990s, the petrochemical industries are still operating. For the purpose of protecting...
The paper provides an overview of the characterization of the sites where NORM has been encountered in the past or is being currently mined and/or processed.
The contents of the paper includes:
• What is site characterization?
• The phases of site characterization: review and assessment of available historical information, specifically geology, seismology and potentially impacted water...
Records of the baseline concentrations of radionuclides in relevant environmental matrices such as soil, water, and food materials are required before the commencement of mining operations. Baseline data serves as a guide for future environmental impact monitoring and assessment. Deposits of phosphate mineral have been found in Oshosun, a town in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State,...
The local media reported that some products were emitting excessive amounts of radon, a radioactive chemical element linked to lung cancer. In fact, the products contained monazite powders, is an anhydrous phosphate of the rare earth metals especially thorium[1]. The products were emitting thoron gas (Rn-220) that has a relatively shorter half-life than radon. It does not significantly...
Blast-furnace slags and coal fly ash are very important cement constituents in many countries. Blast-furnace slags are a residue of the iron making. When the molten iron slag is quenched in water, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag is obtained, which is a glassy and reactive material. Coal ashes are produced in coal-fired power plants in the electricity generation. They are fine spherical...
There are several hundreds of mines within the six(6) cluster lodes of the lead-zinc mineralization belt trending NE-SW similar to the Benue Trough trend in Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria. Thousands of artisanal mine workers involved in the exploitation are exposed Type 1 and Type 2 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM). The study aim to determine the health risk due to the...
Egypt Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2) has a laboratory for gamma-ray spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Beside elemental analysis using neutron activation analysis technique, the laboratory has a broad utilization for radioactivity measurements. Such measurements include low level radioactive waste analysis, radioactivity measurement of irradiated topaz stones, and analysis of...
IAEA Safety standard and EU Directive 2013/59/Euroatom were transposed into national legal acts of The Republic of Lithuania in 2018. Exemption levels were set in Hygiene Standard HN 73:2018 “Basic Standard of Radiation Protection” and these values correspond to values set in IAEA General Safety Requirements Part 3 Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic...
To assess the health risks, fate, transport and long-term environmental impact of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM), information on the mode of occurrence, size, morphology and species is essential. This work assessed NORM in fly ash via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and synchrotron-based techniques (µ-XRF, µ-XRF tomography...
Veolia provides integrated solutions to manage the NORM waste at every step of the production process from the waste handling and analysis to the final disposal.
At all levels of the production process, it appears that the set-up of appropriate radiological characterization methods, implemented by a highly skilled workforce, is essential to optimize the NORM management:
• Upstream by...
Phosphogypsum is a by-product of chemical processes, resulting from industrial activities, production of fertilizers and detergents. This inorganic waste is then deposited in dumps and stacks, of very large volumes and surfaces that represent a great danger to the environment (air, water, soil) by pollution with chemicals such as fluorides (F-), metals and heavy metals, trace elements (Fe, Mn,...
The Magadi endorheic basin of Kenya is characterized by high heat flows due to magmatic activity, extremely saline geothermal manifestations, and vast deposits of trona in Lake Magadi. The basin is located in the southern part of the Kenya Rift Valley; an arid volcano-active continental rift that is part of the East African Rift Valley system. Lake Magadi lies to the south of the basin and is...
The need for sensitive and reliable analytical techniques for determination of uranium concentration is an important in many fields. Although a series of methods based on different instrumental techniques are reported in literature to determine uranium in different kinds, there is no superior method. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the existing techniques, the current trends in...
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is one of the major oil and gas exploration industry in the State of Kuwait as well as in GCC. The company operational facilities spread all over Kuwait and the area for its operation is about 1,000 sq.km. KOC has taken numerous steps to sustain good HSE practices and well being of employees in the company. Though various potential Occupational Health (OH) hazards and...
ABSTRACT
Indoor radon surveys were carried out in some of the Arab countries through a
Coordination Research Program (CRP) organized by the Arab Atomic Energy Agency
(AAEA). The objectives of the program aim at establishing a database on indoor radon
concentration levels in the region and investigating any anomalies, where they exist. The
approach adopted by the survey teams to achieve...
The presence of NORM in Oil and Gas field generally located in the facilities such as tubing, valves, down hole assembly, well heads and tanks in the form of scale and sludge which have a great impact on Health, Safety and Environment as well as the facilities integrity from production point of view.
In this work, we study and analyze the TE-NORM (Technologically Enhanced- Naturally Occurring...
DURRIDGE has been an industry-leading manufacturer of radon and thoron instrumentation for over 20 years. During this time our RAD7 continuous monitor has been put to work in a diverse range of applications, from groundwater tracing to mapping environmental contamination, from dark matter physics experiments to the detection and monitoring of NORM. Here, we are excited to announce the...
Authors: Alan McArthur, William Lemons, Justin McKee
Detection Measurement and Interpretation of radiation exposure and surface contamination measurements on operating gas liquid plants to identify equipment containing regulated NORM material. Recent surveys of a gas liquids plant found dose rates and contamination readings on equipment indicating the presence of NORM regulated in the State...
Main objectives
1. To determine low levels activities of natural alpha emitting radionuclides such as Uranium isotopes in Angolan environmental samples (Water, Fish and Uranium Ores Bodies) by Alpha-Particle Spectrometry due to: Radioactive contamination hazards and unknown effects of low radiation doses; Regular (daily) monitoring of environmental radioactivity for the protection and...
Czech legacy require measurement and determination of effective doses at workplaces (Atomic law and it´s implementing regulation). National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection (SUJCHBO, v.v.i.) ensures the service of personal dosimetry and the service connected with measuring and determining of effective doses of workers at NORM workplaces. The main goal of the...
Following International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICPR) recommendations, the European Community has written a directive to face the potential risk of ionizing radiation from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM), especially in building materials.
France published a decree, mandatory on the 1st of July 2020, to apply the EC directive.
In the article 75 of Euratom-BSS...
Abstract– Concerns for processed products containing NORM have been raised with the recent issue of some processed products containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Korea. The treatment and disposal of processed products containing NORM may result in radiation exposure. Major processes that cause exposure during treatment and disposal include landfill, incineration, and...
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) monitoring in Ghana started effectively in the early 2000 at the Radiation Protection Institute of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (RPI, GAEC) currently actively working on NORM monitoring including radon in dwellings and workplaces such as mining, oil and gas, rock quarries and other extractive industries. Industrial activities and mining...
210Po activity concentrations have been measured in Lolodorf high background radiation area in consumption products including cocoa beans which are hand-processed into cocoa powder for breakfast purposes in one hand and in cocoa leaves which are consumed as vegetables by the local population in the other hand. 210Po is an alpha emitting radionuclide with no radioactive progeny and produces...
Ecological risk caused by Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and their decay products is a serious problem worldwide. The geology of Lumwana Mine in Zambia and the surrounding areas contains uranium mineralogy. The main aim of this study was to assess the ecological risk to communities around the mine. Higher radioactivity in environmental media is associated with risk to both...
Phosphogypsum is considered hazardous waste which produced as a byproduct during the commercial manufacture of phosphoric acid by the wet process. Phosphogypsum is classified as TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), that is, a solid waste containing naturally occurring radioactive elements from the rock matrix. The approach of phosphogypsum conversion into...
This study was carried out to assess the concentration and distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in soils and sediments collected along Luilu and Dilala Rivers, at the mining district of Kolwezi (Lualaba province) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Soil and sediment samples were analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra average activity concentrations in soils were 2-6...
Measurements of indoor radon concentrations and environmental factors were collected monthly over a period of one year in 10 different levels in an underground goldmine to determine the radiological impact on workers. The detectors were installed in batches within four quarters. The activity concentration within the year ranges from a minimum of 2 Bqm-3 to a maximum of 284Bqm-3 with a mean...
Many years of uranium ore exploration, mining and milling processes in Gachin uranium mine has resulted in a considerable amount of NORM waste. Mining of radioactive ores for uranium production has been initiated since 2005. This mine was closed in 2016. To deal with the legacy of past mining of radioactive ores, the environmental monitoring and waste characterization of old mining site are...
Four exploratory wells in the Tampico Misantla oil zone of Mexico representing 58% reserves of unconventional hydrocarbons were evaluated in operational stages of site preparation and vertical drilling, by exposure rate measurements and baseline concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil and groundwater wells. The soil samples were taken at a depth of 20cm in a 1Km2 mesh, considering the...
Measurements of natural radioactivity in local and imported samples of commercial granites used in Tunisia were carried out by using gamma-ray spectroscopy with hyper-pure germanium detector. The activity concentrations measured of granite samples were determined for 226Ra (from 0.54 to 90.12 Bq.kg−1), 232Th (from 0.47 to 128.36 Bq.kg−1) and 40K (from 14.36 to 1792.08 Bq.kg−1).
The...
The reuse of the coal ash from thermal power plants as the backfill material in Vietnam has been encouraged by the government (Decision 452/QD-TTg signed on 12 April 2017). It is the one of several solutions to manage the industrial waste containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in our country.
The distribution of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in coal...
This project aimed to evaluate the presence of Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in oil extraction processes at the Auca, Sacha, and Shushufindi oilfields in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The Radionuclides activity readings were achieved by using high-purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors and liquid scintillation counting. The samples came from sludge, scales and formation water, and a total...
The levels, risks/hazards associated with the use of phosphate rock in the production of super phosphate fertilizer by a company in densely populated area in northwestern Nigeria was evaluated. Ten samples of diverse matrices; sludge, sediments, phosphate rock, phosphogypsum and dust particulates were obtained for analysis within and around the company. Instrumental Neutron Activation...
The objective of this work was to carry out an initial characterization of the potential occupational doses due to the presence of natural materials of natural origin (NORM) of the workers of an open-cast Lead-Zinc mine. For this purpose, preliminary measurements were made in the workplaces that were already in operation at this initial stage of the mineral extraction process: two sectors of...
A geochemical study of natural radiation has been carried out in the Puyango, Ecuador sector, associated with limestones and shales, using a portable gamma spectrometer. A median of dose 3.88 mSv/y and a maximum value of dose 15.62 mSv/y were obtained. The geochemical background value of the dose of natural radioactivity in the study sector was calculated at 3.88 mSv/y. Those people who live...
The Geology of an area determines the source and distribution of radionuclide in an environment. Radionuclides have been in existence since the beginning of creation. They are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink and the food we eat. They are found in soils we grow crops, in building materials we use to construct our homes, hospital and industries. Soil and rocks serve as the main...
Even though Sri Lanka is a very small oceanic country, it inherits a considerable geological diversity. About 90% of the land is made up from metamorphic rocks where mineral resources are abundant. This also suggests that, an occurrence of primordial radionuclide deposits and high concentration areas can be expected. Several industries have been established to exploit these resources. Namely,...
All minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides of natural origin. The most important for the purposes of radiation protection are the radionuclides in the U-238 and Th-232 decay series. For most human activities involving minerals and raw materials, the levels of exposure to these radionuclides are not significantly greater than normal background levels and are not of concern for...
In the oil industry, radioactive wastes are generated in the oil production platforms containing natural radionuclides, such as 226Ra and 228Ra, the NORM waste. This waste is mainly in the form of produced water, sludge and scales which should be characterized for the correct final destination. The Brazilian laws establish that the NORM wastes from the oil production must comply with Law 10308...
The state-of-the-art in portable instrumentation and visualization/interpretation tools offer multiple choices to implement in-situ surveys for a variety of environmental purposes. Geo-referenced measurement results can be used to generate maps depicting the most probable distribution of radioactive contaminants over large areas.
In-situ techniques have reached a high level of analytical...
In-Situ indoor and outdoor environmental gamma radiation monitoring is very essential to generate the baseline database. The baseline database is required for radiological mapping of the nuclear newcomer countries like Bangladesh. The objective of the study is to monitor real-time gamma radiation at indoor & outdoor places of Dhaka City using Portable HPGe detector gamma Spectroscopy system...
ARNR is uruguayan Radioprotection Regulatory Body and has competences over all radiactive sources inside country, including existing or planned exposures to NORM.
No uranium or coal/ oil/ gas deposits are known in Uruguay. Mining/ processing of other metals do exist but do not include rare earths or niobium and so far, no radiological impact due to NORMs in those activities has been...
tigation of Exposure Level and Radioactivity Content in Bitumen Environment Agbabu, Ondo State of Nigeria
Olalekan Olatunji*1 Pascal Tchokossa2 and Olaniran J. Matthew3
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, the Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji.
2Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
3Institute of Ecology and Environmental...
Abstract
The concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in commonly used building materials (clay ,gypsum ,pumice sandstone ,limestone brick ,clinker and cement), the raw materials of cement collected from all cement producing factory and various manufacturers in Ethiopia were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using an HPGe detector. The results showed that the mean...
Mineral and thermal waters may contain natural radioactivity. In some cases, these waters can lead to radiation-protection problems for both workers and consumers of spa facilities. In Turkey, as in many other countries, the consumption of drinking mineral water is increase and the practice of short stays in balneological facility is also popular. In these facilities, protection of consumers...
The accurate determination of the radionuclide content in NORM samples of quite different type and/or origin (raw materials, intermediate and end products, liquid and solid wastes, filters, scales, sludges….) is far to be straightforward and not easily applicable in many laboratories devoted to the determination of radionuclides in environmental samples. The laboratories devoted to...
Bangka and Belitung Island in Indonesia produce over 90 percent of the country's tin which is the world’s biggest exporter of the metal. The most important tin mineral is cassiterite (SnO2), which is commonly concentrated by gravity separation methods owing to the differences between the density of the materials in the gangue (usually silicates), and flotation techniques. Monazite, xenotime,...
In present study, gamma-spectrometric technique using scintillation detector NaI(TI) have been carried out in identification of gamma emitting radio-nuclides from soil and heavy sand samples. Soil samples were collected from Chaung Gyi, Mandalay Division, and black sand sample was collected from the Mae-palae stream, Myawaddy township, Kayin State, Myanmar for radiological assessment. The...
In this research, the concentration of natural radioactive materials (NORM) in produced water was measured using gamma spectroscopy method by HPGe detector. Samples from desalination plants were prepared in accordance with the principles of sampling. Measurements on collected samples were performed to evaluate Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 concentrations. Specific activity of Ra-226, Th-232 and...
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which released by the natural radioactive decay of uranium in the ground. Radon can dissolve and build up in water from underground sources.Radon is the most important cause of lung cancer after smoking.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the radon concentration in groundwater and surface water in Yangon. Yangon is the capital of the...
In the present study, the seasonal variation of radium and radon exhalation rates in terms mass and area was measured in four towns in the Obuasi Municipality, a mining town using the sealed can technique. The results show variation of radon exhalation rate with radium content of the soil samples. In the dry season, area exhalation rate, mass exhalation rate and radium content in the soil...
Abstract
In Mali, natural radioactivity levels are significantly influenced by the increased growth of the miming industries, which constitutes the greatest radiological threat on public and environment. Because of an ecosystem strongly shaken by natural aridity, the management of radioactive wastes from these industries and the assessment of their associated dose become difficult. At the...
In this research Canberra HPGe in-situ gamma spectroscopy systems calibration is validated with respect to the accuracy of radiation measurement and quantification of radionuclides in the soil. The most important aspect of in-situ gamma spectroscopy investigated in this research is its efficiency calibration that is essential in the process of radionuclide quantification specifically NORM such...
Methodology Development for Characterization in the Field of NORM Originating from Oil Industries by using a LaBr3(Ce) Scintillator
The last decade LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors have become commercially available and are very promising due to their high light yield (> 65000 photons/MeV) that results in a better energy resolution compared to NaI(Tl) detectors (< 3% FWHM at 137Cs),...
Natural radioactivity in soil samples collected from Ranong province to estimate the potential resource of rare earth elements in Thailand has been investigated. 238U, 232Th, and 40K were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a p-type HPGe coaxial detector. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples of study area ranged from 34.9-208.8, 6.83-195.23 and...
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon.
Natural radioactive elements are present in very low concentrations in Earth's crust, and are brought to the surface...
National NORM action plan of Sudan was established in 2015, with the assist of the IAEA, in order to control the exposures arising from the NORM relevant activities in Sudan. The plan started with the inventory of the NORM-related industries in country. This study aims to evaluation the NORM levels in the installations and associated equipment at the oil and gas operations in Sudan. Site...
Phosphate fertilizers are used to provide soils with phosphorous, uranium introduced in soils with phosphorous. Both uranium and phosphorous may leach from soils into groundwater resources. Groundwater near to the industrial phosphate company are used for drinking in the rural regions of Egypt Contamination of groundwater with uranium has a hazardous effect on human being. The objective of...
NORM characterization is a main topic in Industrial operations: it is essential for any subsequent evaluation, such as radioprotection measures to adopt, identification of appropriate treatments, waste management and disposal, etc.
A case study, named in Italian language as Palte Fosfatiche (Phosphate Muds), is taken under consideration, for its peculiarities: this material is the only...
Abstract: Southeastern coastal belt of Bangladesh is rich in economic heavy minerals as found by the geological exploration which delineated 17 deposits in both recent and paleo dune areas. Averaging 23% heavy mineral containing sands are being processed in Beach Sand Minerals Exploitation Centre (BSMEC) of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) located at Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh....
The Basic Safety Standards Directive 2013/59/EURATOM of the European Union lists groundwater filtration facilities as one of the industrial sectors which involves naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Nevertheless, the generation of NORM waste in drinking water treatment plants is still poorly recognised in several countries.
The LIFE ALCHEMIA project „*Towards a smart &...
In Chile there is no regulation in matters related to occupational exposure to radon, however, multiple work activities are carried out in situations where attention is eventually required to radon levels, necessary to determine the need to apply some mitigation measure that allows an adequate level of protection of workers health, complying with a national regulation or, initially, with some...
Abstract to be presented during the International Conference on the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industry, Vienna, Austria.
19-23 October, 2020.
OVERVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND EXPECTED NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (NORM) SITES IN UGANDA.
Mr. Oboo Moses (mosesoboo@gmail.com)
Radiation Protection Officer, Atomic Energy Council, Plot 29/33 Kampala,...
Underground water treatment is essential in some cases to remove some of the radionuclides as well as trace elements to fulfill the quality standards of drinking water. Water samples were collected from underground water purification plant to study the variation in uranium concentration within the treatment processes and its relation to physical and chemical properties of water. Samples...
Different exposure pathways identified at different type of workplaces have been monitored and evaluated by SUJCHBO laboratories for many years. The poster describes different possibilities of the annual effective dose estimation based on the measurement of the radon (thoron) activity or the radon (thoron) decay products activity concentration, the measurement of dose equivalent in the depth...
All minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides of natural origin. The most important of them for purpose of radiation protection are the radionuclides in the 238U and 232Th decay series and 40K. Moreover, the activity concentrations vary considerably, according to the type of material and industrial activity in which they are used. For example, the phosphate rock used as raw material in...
Analytical quality control procedures and method validation are essential in carrying out analysis using alpha and gamma spectrometry systems in order to authenticate the quality and reliability of measurements. In this work results of quality control and method validation for both gamma and alpha spectrometry systems used in the measurement of NORM are presented. The IAEA reference materials...
Building materials become an important factor for living condition of Thai people in an accommodation such as high temperature and monsoon resistance. The industrials nonstop attempt to improve climate change tolerant and more ecological-friendly materials which promise to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. The producers attempt to incorporate more supplementary...
Rare earth deposits have been discovered widely in China, mostly occur in Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Jiangxi, and other provinces in southern China. In Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, exposure for workers to gamma radiation is from 600 to 2000 nGy/h in mining site, 400 to 800 nGy/h in dumping sites. Contents of U3O8 and ThO2 in ores are 0.0005-0.005 % and 0.01-0.05 %. A type of ion absorbed...
Since 1997, a cooperation project has started to identify the presence of naturally occurring radioactive material in some oil exploration and production facilities in a region of Brazil. The results of this work were presented at the International Conference on Occupational Radiation Protection: Protecting workers against exposure to ionizing radiation, held in Geneva from 26-30 August 2002 -...
Since the start of operation of the largest fertilizer producing company in the Philippines, huge amount of phosphogypsum with an estimated total volume of 10 Million tons has accrued and stored in a 56 ha of land. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute in collaboration with the Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Company is currently conducting a project to assess and characterize the...
Radioecology still presents a significant impact on environmental research especially in evaluating the radiation-induced risk among populations lives in the former industrial area. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the radioactivity from the former mining soils in a residential area within Klang Valley and determined the risk associated with natural radionuclides. 20 soil samples have...
Coal-fired power plants are the main source of electricity in Greece. Four thermal power stations with more than 4000 MW total installed capacity are located in Northern Greece, producing more than 70% of the country’s power requirements.
About 64 Mt of lignite are produced annually by opencast mining in four mines and are transported to the power stations by rail trucks and conveyor belts....
ABSTRACT:
Nigeria is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exportin Countries (OPEC) and also performs refinery and petrochemical processes to meet local consumption of petroleum products. The Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) is located in the Kaduna and it is only Company in the northern part of Nigeria. it is one of the subsidiaries of the Nigerian National Petroleum...
In the last years, uses of rare earth elements (REEs) and radioactive minerals expanded rapidly either for production of high technology, commercial, industrial production and/or for energy. Accordingly, study of REEs bearing minerals and their bedrocks attracted the attention of mineralogists in the last decades and it is expected that the demand for such elements will grow in the future....
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) activity concentration and gamma dose rate from the waste streams of large scale onshore petroleum operations. Types of activities covered included; sludge recovery from separation tanks, sludge forming, NORM storage, scaling in oil tubulars, scaling in gas production and sedimentation in produced...
In Zimbabwe, Regulatory control of radiation has mainly focused on radioactive sources. Since 2018, regulatory control has also been extended to the potential exposure to workers and members of the public from natural radionuclide’s resulting from mining and mineral processing. A radiological assessment was was undertaken to verify the potential risk due to the elevation of natural...
Extensive exploration programs were conducted by NMA-Egypt for the discovery of radioactive and nuclear raw materials. Several, uranium occurrences were discovered such as Gattar, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Accordingly, the discovered uranium ore materials are subjected to mining and processing activities, As a result of these activities, different types of wastes are obtained. These wastes are...
We evaluate the activity concentrations (ACs) of various radioactive elements in the soil samples collected from seven petroleum gas separation stations located at Northern Al-Rumaila of Iraq. The baseline data from such soil samples are obtained to assess the health risks of the personnel working in such gas separation stations. Hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector is used to measure the ACs...
The radiological significance Meftah cement dust has been investigated using a high-resolution HPGe gamma-spectrometry system. This system was carefully calibrated.
In order to evaluate accurately the detector efficiency, a fully detailed Monte Carlo geometrical model of HPGe detector was developed using MCNPX code. The model is validated via 152Eu resin source, packed in Marinelli beaker....
Radiological impact of Iraqi phosphate fertilizers on humans and the agricultural environment
Fadhil Hawi Mizban1, Sameer Dhari Al-OBAIDI2
1,2Iraqi Radioactive Sources Regulatory Authority (IRSRA)
Email:fadhil_res@irsra.gov.iq
During the last decades, the use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural chemicals has expanded in order to increase agricultural production and...
Steel is one of the primary raw materials in nuclear and coal energy chains. Iron and steel production plants discharge naturally occurring radioactive materials into the atmosphere and lead to the increase of public exposure. This study was a pioneer in evaluating the radiological impact of stack release from steel production in China. An integrated steel plant in Jiangxi Province with annual...
Regarding to the development of Iran's industries producing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) residue and waste including oil and gas, uranium milling and mining, water treatment plants, phosphate production, rare earth elements mining, and iodine production, characterization and measuring NORM concentrations that belong to the two natural decay series of U-238 and Th-232 and...
Abstract
Determination of NORM concentrations followed by the radiological risk assessment were conducted and then characterised based on the activities of the identified nuclides for the different stages of the radioactive waste storage facility to be constructed at Pilikwe village of central district in Botswana. Sixty soil and two borehole water samples were collected representing the...
Primordial radionuclides in building materials are considered one of the major sources of radiation hazard. It has been acknowledged that clay and cement bricks are mainly used for the constructions and their presence of natural radioactivity in these materials are inevitable. Therefore, in this study, we want to evaluate the radiological hazards associated with industrial bricks that use for...
The world population has been subjected to natural radiation at a relatively constant rate over a relatively long period of time. Certain practices, however, may contribute to an increase in the concentration of natural radionuclides (NORM), especially with the exploitation of minerals, among them, rare earth elements (ETR), whose inadequate disposal of tailings resulting from the mining...
We present Radon measurement results in a room that was constructed using fired bricks made partly with phosphogypsum. Radon concentration values are monitored and reported for two different seasons and at different stages of the room construction, i.e., bare walls and finished walls. The results are compared to a reference room that was built next to the pilot room with the same physical...
ABSTRACT: Baseline study of occupational exposure to radon in groundwater, air and aquifer material around Maiganaga coal mine in Gombe State, northeastern Nigeria was conducted to ascertain their levels and safety of workers in the mines. It will also serve as a baseline data for monitoring as recommended by environmental and safety laws. Forty-eight (48) samples of water and aquifer...
Tailoring of a NORM-contaminated construction waste sampling plan to obtain representative samples for radionuclide concentration analysis that will produce reliable results for the compliance assessment against regulatory release criteria. Random stratified sampling design is used for compliance-testing of a large amount of construction waste generated during the demolition of a...
Past history has explained the importance of Peninsular Malaysia as the greatest tin
producing country in the world, with 30 – 50% of the world's annual tin production in the
mid-1960s were produced from the rich-stanniferous areas; most notably in Kinta Valley and
Klang Valley. However, due to the dramatic depletion of cassiterite reserves, a newly
economic activity of amang processing...
Mining activities are growing in Cameroon. The Law No2016/017 of 14 December 2016 instituting the mining code in Cameroon was enacted by the President of the Republic. From 2014-2018 a project funded by the World Bank on strengthening the capacities in mining sector of Cameroun was implemented by the Ministry of Mining, Industry and Technological Development with the assistance of the...
Spatial and temporal NORM studies have been held in two coastal areas of Greece, near an active polymetallic mine and an abandoned one. The metal exploitation resulted in enhanced concentrations of natural radioactivity and especially 226Ra and 235U in the marine sediment. Thus, the dispersion of the aforementioned radionuclides was estimated via ERICA Assessment Tool and revealed an affected...
A bGeigie Nano Monitor has been used to map the distribution of gamma dose rates around titanium base mine and Mrima Hill, both situated in south coastal region of Kenya. An increase in absorbed dose rates from a value below the global population weighted mean of 60 nGy/h to more than three times this value is observed in some areas around the titanium base mine. The absorbed dose rates...
This study presents a recent overview of the status of Qatari groundwater (QGW) in terms of its NORMs, trace element content and physicochemical parameters. This study was necessitated because the last comprehensive study on groundwater characteristics of Qatar was conducted and presented by Schlumberger Water Services (SWS) in 2009 and since then there has not been a study conducted to give a...
Monazite as the major ore of the balck sand contains naturally occuring radioactive elements such as ; thorium, uranium, lanthanum and some other rare earth elements. Separation of those elements from monazite was passed through several steps. In case of uranium, it has been concentrated in the green leachate solution and its separation of uranium pased through several steps and assured with...
The concentration of NORM, often known as TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) is produced when industrial activity increases the concentrations of radionuclides.
After a given operation time, clogged metallic pipes from oil industry are discarded and stored, usually, in open areas. Waste disposal of TENORM is significantly more expensive than...
Through the oil production process in Basra company, generated a lot of quantity of sludge, scales and produced water contaminated with Norm The goal of this study is determine the radioactive concentration for it. The samples collected from 20 sites from Basra Oil Company in south of Iraq. The results investigation by using Giger Mellor proved from Ludlum to measure the radioactive dose ,the...
To develop feasible and implementable approaches for proper management of mineral resources containing enhanced concentrates of natural radionuclides, it is critical to assess their behavioral patterns during various stages of the mining value chain. This paper gives an overview of various phases and processes of mineral product development and evaluates the potential radiation exposure levels...
The CORSAIR (Cloud Oriented Radiation Sensor for Advanced Investigation of Rocks) project was born to meet the EU guidelines 2013/59/EURATOM on safety standards for protection against ionizing radiations. The project designed an automated, transportable and non destructive detection system capable of providing a real-time measurement of the radioactive activity concentration index for building...
The heavy metals present in the industrial and geological wastes are a huge problem from not only the environment protection point of view but also from the point of view of the industry and the society. The various wastes as phosphogypsum, flotation tailings from cooper production, uranium tailings from uranium mining are stored on the big are and become to be dangerous for our environment....
Earth elements are receiving increasing attention due to the rapid development of modern industries and the technological development of their use. The hidden entry into natural resources and the environment is important.
The strong increase expected in the production of this raw material in Tunisia (Gafsa Basin-Metlaoui), the current stock of this material is important, justifies...
The exploration of shale gas requires the technique of fracking (hydraulic fracturing), that is, injection of high pressure fluid to release hydrocarbons from the geological formations. Fracking can mobilize naturally occurring radioactive materials - NORM – that are present in shale. As a result, radium salts will form incrustations on the inside walls of production wells and surface...
