Speaker
Description
Abstract
The safe and secure transport of radioactive materials is a critical element of nuclear security and radiation protection. As the use of radioactive materials grows across Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in medical, industrial, and research applications, effective regulation and oversight of their cross-border movement becomes increasingly vital.
However, the region faces significant challenges. These include disparities in national regulatory capacities, the absence of harmonized regional frameworks, gaps in the implementation of international standards, and inadequate infrastructure at borders. These weaknesses lead to shipment delays, inconsistent safety practices, and increased risk of radiological incidents and malicious acts.
Many countries in the region have adopted national regulations aligned with the IAEA Transport Regulations (SSR-6), yet practical coordination across borders remains limited. Fragmented customs clearance processes, uncoordinated inspections, and poorly integrated emergency response systems weaken the security and efficiency of international shipments. The inconsistent application of safety standards undermines trust and hinders regional collaboration.
The case of Malawi, a landlocked country dependent on neighbouring states for importing and exporting radioactive materials, highlights these issues. A lack of harmonized licensing and notification procedures, limited communication between regulatory bodies, and untrained border personnel contribute to delays and vulnerabilities during transit.
Regional cooperation offers a strategic solution. Institutions such as the Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA), the African Regional Cooperative Agreement (AFRA), and regional economic blocs like SADC and COMESA can play a pivotal role in improving coordination. These platforms can support capacity-building, facilitate mutual recognition of authorizations, and enhance emergency preparedness and response.
Key Focus Areas
Current Practices and Challenges:
• Inconsistent regulatory enforcement across borders
• Customs and transit delays
• Uneven application of international safety standards
• Security risks during post-storage or transitional shipment
Transport of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM):
• Limited regulation and classification of NORM
• Inadequate packaging standards and awareness
• Lack of enforcement mechanisms
Operational and Administrative Controls:
• Absence of standardized emergency protocols
• Incomplete security planning across transport modes
• Limited training for customs and border officials
• Proposed Strategic Interventions
Proposed solutions
Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements:
• Establish shared procedures for shipment notification, authorization, and inspection to streamline regulatory processes.
Regional Digital Notification and Tracking System:
• Create an interoperable platform for real-time monitoring of radioactive shipments, integrated with national systems.
Joint Training and Exercises:
• Conduct regular cross-border training sessions, simulation drills, and joint inspections involving regulators, customs, and security personnel.
Regional Working Groups:
• Set up dedicated working groups under AFRA or FNRBA to guide harmonization efforts and facilitate ongoing improvement in transport safety and security.
Conclusion
Regional cooperation is essential for strengthening the safety and security of radioactive material transport in Sub-Saharan Africa. Without coordinated frameworks and shared systems, national efforts remain fragmented and insufficient. Implementing the proposed interventions will support the development of a resilient, secure, and efficient transport system. Continued support from the IAEA and international partners through technical assistance, policy dialogue, and institutional capacity-building will be vital to help African countries meet their obligations under international frameworks and protect public health, the environment, and regional stability.
