2021 IAEA REGIONAL INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE ON INDIVIDUAL
MONITORING FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE IN AFRICA
ABSTRACT
The organization of this regional intercomparison exercise on individual monitoring in Africa region was implemented under the framework of IAEA Technical Cooperation Project RAF9068.
The SSDL of CNRP of Morocco hosted this intercomparison exercise (irradiation of dosimeters...
Workers can be unintentionally contaminated with radioactive materials when they work in radioactive environment. To detect this situation in time, a method is proposed to real-time detect and track workers with radioactive substances under stable background radiation conditions. In this method, visual recognition based on YOLO3 was used to recognize and track the source carrier, obtain the...
The Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM[1] points out the importance of periodical calibrations, quality assurance as well as the recognition of radiation protection services and experts. Already in 2009, the RP 160[2] gave the basis for procedures and criteria for mutual recognition of approved dosimetry services in Europe. Nevertheless, in Italy, the European Directive has been implemented...
As a passive neutron personal dosimeter, CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector is convenient, cheap, insensitive to gamma and beta rays and has strong anti-interference ability and better response to fast neutrons.A method of neutron dose measurement with CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector is established, consisting of detector preprocessing, neutron irradiation, chemical etching and...
According to the physical characteristics of Chinese adult male reference person (170cm, 70kg), the digital model of Chinese adult male reference person (CRAM) was surface-sourced and simply modified, and then segmented by horizontal slicing. The lower side of the seventh cervical vertebra C07 has been selected as the segmentation baseline, which was segmented upward and downward respectively,...
occupational radiation exposure occurs in many nuclear-related applications. The daily operation and maintenance of nuclear facilities is the main contribution of plant workers, including the use and maintenance of nuclear medicine equipment, the monitoring and inspection of the environment and working conditions inside and outside the factory, Maintenance and replacement of equipment and fuel...
In 2011 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) published a statement on tissue reactions(1) and has recommended reducing an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye from 150 mSv per year to 20 mSv per year, averaged over defined periods of five years, with no annual dose in a single year exceeding 50 mSv(2, 3). In 2014 reduced annual occupational equivalent dose...
The objective of this study was to assess the occupational radiation dose data of the radiation workers in the radiotherapy and radiology departments for a period of two years, 2019/2020 and 202/2021. The dose reports were evaluated to identify the dose distribution of each identified sub-group, total number of monitored radiation workers, annual whole body dose (Hp(10)). The radiation workers...
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of radiation protection program of companies involved in industrial radiography. Our study target two selected companies that participated in carrying out quality control tests of oil pipeline that was under construction in Kenya and completed in 2018. A total of 7 radiation workers were monitored using OSL technology. In 2018, both...
In Thailand, the diagnostic and treatment of hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer using radiopharmaceutical with iodine-131 (I-131) is widely performed. The utilization of large quantities of I-131 in nuclear medicine has been recorded and regulated by the Office of Atoms for Peace, Thailand. Although workplace safety regulations have been established, a review of reported data of routine...
Individuals working in both radiological and nuclear facilities are often exposed to sources of ionizing radiation resulting in some level of occupational hazards. Appropriate levels of radiation protection of workers are essential for the safe and justified use of radiation, radioactive material and nuclear energy. Occupational exposure to radiation workers in a Gamma Irradiation Facility has...
Eye lens cataract is one of the earliest biological effects of radiation since the discovery of X-rays. According to the 2011 update of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the dose to the eye lens in occupational exposure in planned exposure was reduced significantly compared to the previous dose limit (1,2). Therefore, measurement of lens dose has been the subject...
Several systems for neutron dosimetry using PADC (CR-39) detectors are commercially available and widely applied for personal dosimetry. These systems, however, generally rely on undisclosed algorithms and predefined detector types which limits the research applications or the ability to evaluate different detector materials with the same system.
To read out different PADC materials in the...
Due to the high radio-sensitivity of the fetus, the accurate estimation of fetal organ dose and its radiation risk assessment are crucial for radiation protection for pregnant females in occupational radiation exposures. Computational phantoms have been widely used in radiation dosimetry while their reliability strongly depends on the anatomical description and physiological characterization...
Introduction
The 177Lu emits mainly electrons up to a maximum energy of 498 keV and photons with energies of 113 keV and 208 keV, which can effectively irradiate the skin on the hands of radiopharmaceutists in the preparation of these radiopharmaceuticals for patients. Finger-mounted monitors (finger dosimeters) with a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) are used to control the skin irradiation...
Abstract
In Senegal, workers exposed to ionizing radiation are increasing every year; hence the importance of an accessible dosimetric monitoring system. Only about fifty workers are monitored by foreign dosimetry laboratories. To facilitate access to dosimetric monitoring of workers exposed to ionizing radiation in SENEGAL, the Autorité sénegalaise de Radioprotection et de Sûreté nucléaire...
The location of radioactive material is critical for the radiation protection of workers in the field of nuclear industry. During the overhaul of the nuclear power plant or the decommissioning detection of the nuclear facility, since the distribution of the radioactive material in the pipeline is not known in advance, it is necessary to use the detection technology for determining the location...
Recently, with the dose limit of eye lens reduced, a series of problems in research, monitoring, protection and evaluation, have gradually attracted attention. The dosimeter of the eye lens plays an important and foundational role in this circle. This paper mainly focuses on an eye lens dosimeter named C-lens.
Firstly, the type of eye-lens dosimeter, one single LiF:Mg,Cu,P elements with a...
Recently, with the dose limit of eye lens reduced, a series of problems in research, monitoring, protection and evaluation, have gradually attracted attention. The dosimeter of the eye lens plays an important and foundational role in this circle. This paper mainly focuses on an eye lens dosimeter named C-lens.
Firstly, the type of eye-lens dosimeter, one single LiF:Mg,Cu,P elements with a...
The IAEA Radiation Safety Technical Services Laboratory has developed an Internal Dosimetric Analyser (IDA) software tool to facilitate the access to dosimetric data and perform calculations related to individual monitoring for intakes of radionuclides and occupational radiation protection. Direct (or in-vivo) and indirect (or in-vitro) radiobioassay methods have been developed to detect...
The internal exposure dose estimation formula is E=I·e(g), where I is the intake, and e(g) is the dose coefficient. Therefore, the intake I directly determines the committed effective dose, and the main purpose of internal exposure monitoring is to obtain the value of the intake I by measuring the retention. In order to improve the accuracy of the intake I, a more effective measure is to...
Iodine-131 (131I) is the most common therapeutic radiopharmaceutical used in nuclear medicine. However, 131I can be converted to a volatile form (also called “airborne radioiodine”) which can cause a potential internal exposure to the radiation workers via inhalation process. Consequently, monitoring of airborne radioiodine is recommended by IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) and ICRP...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective implementation of PNRA Regulations and adoption of protective and safety measures by assessing radiation doses received by radiation workers working in different radiation facilities of Pakistan. In this study the occupational radiation doses of radiation workers from different radiation facilities were measured and analyzed for the period...
The aim of this study is to estimate the effective doses to workers occupationally
exposed to ionizing radiation in Montenegro. Montenegro is a small, developing country with 660 000 population, the use of radiation sources being limited to common medical applications and a few industrial ones, with estimated 620 occupationally exposed individuals. 98 persons belong to Category A (controlled...
This experimental study presents an evaluation of the exposure situation on shielded (PET Trace 800) and unshielded (IBA 18/9) cyclotrons installed in Pakistan. The cyclotrons are used for the production of 18F through 18O(p,n) reaction with the energetic protons (~18 MeV). The production process results the emission of energetic neutrons with an average energy in the range of 2-4 MeV....
Following the recommendation of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and European directive 59/2013 as transposed into the Greek legislation in 2018, the annual dose limit for the lens of the eye was reduced from 150 mSv/year to 20 mSv/year. Moreover, according to the regulations, one of the conditions to consider an exposed worker as Category A is to receive an...
Monitoring and dose assessment of external radiation for a radioactive waste storage facility in the Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia) is part of Class G license requirement under the Malaysian Atomic Licensing Energy Board (AELB). The objectives of this paper are to obtain the distribution of radiation dose, create a dose database and generate a dose map in the waste storage...
Thailand has been using ionizing radiation for more 120 years, beginning with the use of x-ray in 1898. However, dose limits for occupational exposure were not established in a Thai regulation until 1961, after the enactment of the Atomic Energy for Peace Act of 1961. The current dose limits are prescribed in the Ministerial Regulation on Radiation Safety of 2018, issued under the Nuclear...
As part of its strategic research agenda, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group, EURADOS (www.eurados.org), contributes to the development and understanding of fundamental dose concepts, such as operational quantities. Accordingly, EURADOS has carried out a project to evaluate the impact of the new ICRU operational quantities and to make recommendations for their application. The EURADOS...
IRSN medicine laboratory is currently waiting for the label from the French accreditation Committee (COFRAC), belonging to International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation. Indeed, it is mandatory in France to get the certification through EN ISO 15189 standard for laboratory medicine.
Biological dosimetry is a method to quantify the exposure and to perform a dose assessment following a...
The use of radiation in medical imaging has been increasing during the past decades. Based on the new annual dose limit recommended by the ICRP, eye lens dosimetry should be considered important in occupational monitoring. In this study, the important challenges in eye lens dosimetry were investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. For this purpose, the human eye was completely simulated using...
Background: This is the first study that has been done in Morocco with the aim of optimizing protection of workers in diagnostic radiology, by using Monte Carlo simulation and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL).
Methods:Measurements have been performed OSL detectors to determine the dose received by workers.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between dose...
A radiation monitoring system of working area that continuously measures the dose rate gamma in the room of nuclear and radioactive facilities is an important tool for presenting dose rate information to workers or authorities for radiological protection during normal operations and radiological accidents. We have developed the system in such a way in radioactive and nuclear installation that...
The amount of liquid radioactive waste produced and stored around the world is increasing. As such, the development and implementation of waste treatment options are progressively becoming essential requirements for the approval and acceptance of future nuclear facilities built around the world. Liquid waste typically presents as a mixture with complex physical, chemical, and radiological...
The use of ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the field of medicine, industry, agriculture etc, however the hazardous aspects of those radiations should be addressed during their use. In Nepal, the use of ionizing radiation is mainly focused on medical sectors and the equipment in use include X-Ray machine, Computerized Tomography (CT), Cobalt-60 therapy, linear accelerator (LINAC),...
In the past 10 years Zimbabwe has seen an increase in technology that uses radiation sources and related devices, and this has resulted in the need for a robust occupational radiation protection infrastructure. The Radiation Protection Authority of Zimbabwe (RPAZ) boasts of 2 state-of-the-art reader systems namely the Landauer Semi Manual InLight OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) Reader...
Monitoring and Dose Assessment of Occupational Radiation Protection Exposures – the Nigerian Perspective
Planned, emergency, and existing exposure situations resulting in occupational exposure, requiring appropriate optimization of protection for doses reduction [1]. Effective monitoring of radiation workers involving use of ionizing radiation by NNRA has improved Radiation Protection in...
The use of ionizing radiation in the nuclear medicine and cardiology departments are increasing in Bangladesh. Nuclear medicine workers are getting higher radiation dose comparing to other workers in medical procedures because nuclear medicine workers used to handle unsealed radioactive sources. Extremities for example fingers of the hands of radiation workers in nuclear medicine is usually...
Radiation facilities need to meet the legal and normative requirements for radiation protection. This applies also to modern accelerator facilities used in science, technology, and medicine.
The radiation protection safety of such accelerators is currently ensured by dosimetric measurements with area dosemeters. However, the dosemeter’s suitability for these high-energy and pulsed radiation...
ABSTRACT
As part of the measures to ensure the radiation protection of technical staff, CERT have saddle the responsibility of Dosimetry monitoring of its radiation workers on quarterly bases even before the commissioning of NIRR-1. Assessment of the annual effective dose of radiation workers for 14 years was carried out. The result shows that the doses were below the acceptable limit as per...
Adaya site is one of the radioactively contaminated sites in Iraq that require remediation. Adaya site has been selected in 1991 as a temporary burial location for destroyed machines and equipment in Al-Jazeera site for conceal from international monitoring. The Adaya burial site lies on the eastern slope of a mountain ridge located about 27 km west of Al-Mosul city and about 23 km south of...
This work describes some aspects of the implementation of the radiological protection program developed specifically for the Caldas uranium mine facility. The items described are: the responsibilities of the staff concerning their radiation exposures; a brief description of the sources and practices; the occupational dose levels of the site which are at maximum 0,9 mSv/year due to mining...
- Abstract:
In Mali, Occupational Radiation Protection was relaunched in 2005 after many years of interruption. Since then the service has been continueously delivered with no interruption. This result was achieved due to IAEA decision at that time to provide the Regulatory Body (since there was no private service provider) with the necessary training and equipment: TLD reader (HARSHAW 4500)...
Personal Monitoring Service Laboratory (PMSL) of Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board (SLAEB) solely provides the external individual radiation monitoring service for the radiation workers in Sri Lanka. More than 2300 radiation workers from 187 radiation facilities are monitored. Out of 187 institutes, 164 are medical, 02 are agricultural, 15 are industrial, 03 are research and 03 are educational....
The Internal Dosimetry Group of REPROLAM (Latin American and Caribbean Network for the Optimization of Occupational Radiation Protection), framed in the RLA 9085 IAEA project for the 2020-2022 period, devised a strategy for the on-site control of internal exposure to I-131 in nuclear medicine Centres (NMCs) to be implemented by end users, with the objective of bringing awareness to the...
Individual monitoring of workers exposed to external ionizing radiation is essential to allow application of the ALARA principle and follow up of the official dose limits. However, large uncertainties still exist in personal dosimetry, especially for neutrons and for inhomogeneous fields. Also, many practical problems exist for personal dosimetry, with many dosemeters getting lost and the...
The role of FDG in PET imaging is well established in the diagnosis and management of cancer patients. Small footprint cyclotrons that can be installed on-site are becoming popular worldwide and are an efficient solution for medium-size facilities. The dose-on-Demand Biomarker Generator (BG-75) was installed at Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece, in May 2021 and is the first...
Due to statement and recommendation of ICRP [1], a lower dose limit regarding equivalent dose to the lens of the eye was introduced in both IAEA and EU Basic Safety Standards. The limit was lowered from 150 mSv/year to 20 mSv/year. Considering this new dose limit the Swedish nuclear facilities identified a need to monitor worker´s eye lens doses in order to ensure compliance.
Nuclear...
RADIATION DOSE ASSESSMENT AT THE SECONDARY STANDARD DOSIMETRY LABORATORY(SSDL) OF THE GHANA ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION DURING IRRADIATION
ABSTRACT
In Ghana, the responsibility for providing adequate protection of workers against radiations rests with the employer. It also behooves the worker to take all reasonable measures, for example by avoiding unnecessary exposure, to keep his/her own...
Uranium in the Republic of Kazakhstan is mined by the enterprises of NAC Kazatomprom JSC by in-situ leaching method.
The sources of radiation-hazardous factors are natural uranium, which occurs at all stages of the technological chain. External exposure occurs largely in areas where uranium is concentrated in a large volume, during the transportation of uranium. Long lived radionuclide dust...
With the development of nuclear industry, neutron detection has been playing a more and more important role in radiation protection of workers. Scintillator detector, semiconductor detector and gas ionization detector are the most commonly used neutron detectors. Gas ionization detector has the characteristics of irradiation resistance, simple preparation and convenient use. Scintillation...
ICRP has recommended an equivalent dose limit for the eye-lens be 20mSv per year, averaged over defined periods of 5 years, with no single year exceeding 50mSv. The reduction of the limit for occupational exposure for the eye-lens has significant implication in view of the application to planned exposure situations for the different areas of occupational exposure and needs adequate approaches...
[Background] The standing whole-body counters are widely used for in-vivo measurements, such as ORTEC-StandFAST, CANBERRA-FASTSCAN, CIRP-StandWBC. They are mainly designed to quickly and accurately measure internal contamination of radionuclides with medium and high photon energy. The physical phantoms such as BOMAB, IGOR, sBCAM have been used for whole-body counting calibrations. However,...
Background and Objective: As the tertiary hospital, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand, has been providing extensive radiation diagnostic and therapeutic services. The aim of this study was to monitor and assess the occupational radiation exposure in the department of radiology.
Methods: For the total of 580 radiation workers, the optical...
