Speaker
Mr
Eric M. Hollmann
(USA)
Description
High-current (multi-MA) runaway electron (RE) beams could form in ITER during disruptions or rapid shutdowns. To avoid localized wall damage, it is crucial to understand how these RE beams are lost and how they can be controlled and dissipated. DIII-D dedicated experiments on rapid shutdown REs have improved understanding of the processes involved in RE formation, control, dissipation, and final impact with the vessel wall. Improvements in RE beam feedback control enabled stable confinement of RE beams out to the volt-s limit of the ohmic coil, as well as enabled a rampdown to zero current [1]. Collisional dissipation of RE beam current was studied by massive gas injection of different impurities into RE beams. RE current dissipation is shown to be more rapid than expected from avalanche theory [2,3] – this anomalous dissipation appears to be linked to the presence of high-Z impurity ions in plasma. It is not clear if the anomalous dissipation is due to radial diffusion of REs into the wall or an anomalously large collisional drag on the REs. Evidence for radial diffusion of REs is seen with diagnostic pellets, which show diffuse REs well outside the main RE beam [4]. Evidence for anomalous collisional drag on REs is seen in the RE energy distribution function, which shows a large increase in electrons at low energies, when compared with avalanche theory. Final RE-wall impact studies show that the REs are lost to the wall rapidly and with significant toroidal asymmetry once the beam radius touches the wall [5]. Significant (~10x) apparent conversion of RE magnetic energy to kinetic energy [6] is observed in the final RE-wall impact for sufficiently slow impacts; for rapid impacts, the RE magnetic energy appears to go mostly into wall currents and ohmic plasma current.
[1] N.W. Eidietis, et al., “Control of post-disruption runaway electron beams in DIII-D,” submitted to Phys. Plasmas (2012).
[2] M.N. Rosenbluth and S.V. Putvinski, Nucl. Fusion 37, 1355 (1997).
[3] E.M. Hollmann, et al., Nucl. Fusion 51, 103026 (2011).
[4] A. James, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 415, S849 (2011).
[5] A. James, et al., Nucl. Fusion 52, 013007 (2012).
[6] A. Loarte, et al., Nucl. Fusion 51, 073004 (2011).
Work supported in part by the US DOE under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG03-97ER54415, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC05-06OR23100.
Country or International Organization of Primary Author
USA
Primary author
Mr
Eric M. Hollmann
(USA)
Co-authors
Dr
Alberto Loarte
(ITER Organization)
Dr
Alex N. James
(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)
Mr
Cedric Tsui
(University of Toronto)
Dr
David A. Humphreys
(General Atomics)
Dr
Dmitry L. Rudakov
(University of California San Diego)
Dr
Edward J. Strait
(General Atomics)
Dr
John C. Wesley
(General Atomics)
Dr
Jonathan H. Yu
(University of California San Diego)
Dr
Jorge M. Munoz-Burgos
(Oak Ridge Associated Universities)
Dr
Jose A. Boedo
(University of California San Diego)
Dr
Jose Ramon Martin-Solis
(Universidad Carlos III)
Dr
Max E. Austin
(University of Texas at Austin)
Dr
Michael A. Van Zeeland
(General Atomics)
Dr
Neil H. Brooks
(General Atomics)
Dr
Nicholas W. Eidietis
(General Atomics)
Dr
Nicolas Commaux
(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
Dr
Paul B. Parks
(General Atomics)
Dr
Richard A. Moyer
(University of California San Diego)
Dr
Thomas C. Jernigan
(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
Dr
Todd E. Evans
(General Atomics)
Ms
Valeria A. Izzo
(University of California San DIego)
